Zhou Qing, Lengua Liliana J, Wang Yun
Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley.
Dev Psychol. 2009 May;45(3):724-39. doi: 10.1037/a0013776.
The relations of parents' and teachers' reports of temperament anger-irritability, positive emotionality, and effortful control (attention focusing and inhibitory control) to children's externalizing and internalizing problems were examined in Chinese (N = 382) and U.S. (N = 322) samples of school-age children. Results suggested that in both cultures, low effortful control and high anger-irritability were associated with high externalizing problems, although the relations were stronger in the Chinese sample than in the U.S. sample. Low positive emotionality was associated with high internalizing problems in both cultures. However, high positive emotionality was associated with noncomorbid externalizing problems (teachers' reports) in the Chinese sample but not in the U.S. sample. These findings suggest that there are considerable cross-cultural similarities in the temperament-adjustment associations, although some cross-cultural differences might exist. Implications of the findings for the detection and intervention of adjustment problems in Chinese children are discussed.
在中国（N = 382）和美国（N = 322）的学龄儿童样本中，研究了父母和教师对气质愤怒 - 易怒、积极情绪以及努力控制（注意力集中和抑制控制）的报告与儿童外化问题和内化问题之间的关系。结果表明，在两种文化中，低努力控制和高愤怒 - 易怒都与高外化问题相关，尽管在中国样本中的关系比在美国样本中更强。低积极情绪在两种文化中都与高内化问题相关。然而，高积极情绪在中国样本中与非共病的外化问题（教师报告）相关，而在美国样本中则不然。这些发现表明，气质与适应的关联存在相当大的跨文化相似性，尽管可能存在一些跨文化差异。讨论了这些发现对中国儿童适应问题的检测和干预的意义。
