Rudin-Brown Christina M, Jenkins Richard W, Whitehead Tanya, Burns Peter C
Ergonomics and Crash Avoidance Division, Standards and Research Branch, Road Safety and Motor Vehicle Regulation Directorate, Transport Canada, Ontario, Canada.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2009 Aug;10(4):340-7. doi: 10.1080/15389580903043446.
ESC (Electronic Stability Control) is a crash avoidance technology that reduces the likelihood of collisions involving loss of control. Although past and emerging research indicates that ESC is effective in reducing collision rates and saving lives, and its inclusion in all vehicle platforms is encouraged, drivers may demonstrate behavioral adaptation or an overreliance on ESC that could offset or reduce its overall effectiveness. The main objective of the present study was to determine whether behavioral adaptation to ESC is likely to occur upon the widespread introduction of ESC into the Canadian vehicle fleet. Secondary objectives were to confirm the results of a previous ESC public survey and to generate a baseline measure for the future assessment of planned and ongoing ESC promotional activities in Canada.
Two separate telephone surveys evaluated drivers' perceptions and awareness of ESC. The first surveyed 500 randomly selected owners/drivers of passenger vehicles. The second surveyed 1017 owners/drivers of 2006-2008 ESC-equipped passenger vehicles from the provinces of Quebec and British Columbia, Canada.
Though ESC drivers were much more likely than drivers of other vehicles to be aware of ESC (77% vs. 39%) and that their own vehicle was equipped with it (63% vs. 8%), 23 percent had never heard of it. Ninety percent of drivers who knew that their vehicle was equipped with ESC believed that ESC had made it safer to drive and reported being confident that ESC would work in an emergency. Twenty-three percent of ESC owners who knew their vehicle had ESC reported noticing long-lasting changes in their driving behavior since they began driving the vehicle.
Collectively, results suggest that behavioral adaptation to ESC is likely in certain drivers; however, its proven effectiveness in reducing the likelihood of being involved in a serious crash probably outweighs any potential increases in unsafe driving. To fully benefit from ESC, vehicle manufacturers are encouraged to market ESC-equipped vehicles in a realistic, safe manner. Driver training and safety organizations are also encouraged to provide balanced educational information about ESC to their members.
电子稳定控制系统（ESC）是一种避免碰撞的技术，可降低因车辆失控而导致碰撞的可能性。尽管过去及新出现的研究表明ESC在降低碰撞率和挽救生命方面是有效的，并且鼓励在所有车辆平台上配备该系统，但驾驶员可能会表现出行为适应或对ESC过度依赖，这可能会抵消或降低其整体有效性。本研究的主要目的是确定在ESC广泛引入加拿大车辆队伍后，驾驶员是否可能出现对ESC的行为适应。次要目的是确认之前一项ESC公众调查的结果，并为未来评估加拿大计划及正在进行的ESC推广活动生成一个基线指标。
两项独立的电话调查评估了驾驶员对ESC的认知和了解程度。第一项调查随机抽取了500名乘用车车主/驾驶员。第二项调查了来自加拿大魁北克省和不列颠哥伦比亚省的1017名2006 - 2008年配备ESC的乘用车车主/驾驶员。
尽管配备ESC车辆的驾驶员比其他车辆的驾驶员更有可能知晓ESC（77%对39%）以及自己的车辆配备了该系统（63%对8%），但仍有23%的人从未听说过它。知道自己车辆配备了ESC的驾驶员中有90%认为ESC使驾驶更安全，并表示相信ESC在紧急情况下会发挥作用。知道自己车辆配备ESC的车主中有23%报告称自开始驾驶该车以来注意到自己的驾驶行为发生了长期变化。
总体而言，结果表明某些驾驶员可能会对ESC产生行为适应；然而，其在降低严重碰撞可能性方面已被证实的有效性可能超过不安全驾驶行为潜在的增加。为了充分受益于ESC，鼓励车辆制造商以现实、安全的方式销售配备ESC的车辆。还鼓励驾驶员培训和安全组织向其成员提供关于ESC的平衡教育信息。
