Werner Helene, Lebourgeois Monique K, Geiger Anja, Jenni Oskar G
Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Chronobiol Int. 2009 Jul;26(5):992-1014. doi: 10.1080/07420520903044505.
Individual differences in circadian phase preference ("chronotype") are linked to sleep schedule variability, psychosocial functioning, and specific properties of the circadian clock. While much is known about the development, distribution, and variability of chronotype in adolescents and adults, assessment in prepubertal children has been hindered by a lack of appropriate, reliable, and valid measures. This study presents a detailed description of the assessment of children's chronotype by the Children's ChronoType Questionnaire (CCTQ). The CCTQ is a parent-report, 27-item mixed-format questionnaire resulting in multiple measures of chronotype in 4- to 11-yr-old children: the midsleep point on free days (MSF), a morningness/eveningness scale (M/E) score, and a five-point chronotype (CT) score. The study provides validity data using actigraphy as well as test-retest reliability data for all three chronotype measures and sleep/wake parameters. Overall, the findings indicate moderate to strong agreement between the three measures, adequate associations between chronotype measures and sleep/wake parameters assessed by actigraphy, and excellent temporal stability (reliability).
昼夜节律相位偏好（“生物钟类型”）的个体差异与睡眠时间表的可变性、心理社会功能以及生物钟的特定属性有关。虽然对于青少年和成年人的生物钟类型的发展、分布和变异性已经有了很多了解，但由于缺乏合适、可靠和有效的测量方法，对青春期前儿童的评估受到了阻碍。本研究详细描述了通过儿童生物钟类型问卷（CCTQ）对儿童生物钟类型的评估。CCTQ是一份由家长报告的、包含27个条目的混合格式问卷，可得出4至11岁儿童生物钟类型的多种测量结果：自由日的中间睡眠时间（MSF）、晨型/夜型量表（M/E）得分以及五点生物钟类型（CT）得分。该研究提供了使用活动记录仪的效度数据以及所有三种生物钟类型测量方法和睡眠/觉醒参数的重测信度数据。总体而言，研究结果表明这三种测量方法之间存在中度到高度的一致性，生物钟类型测量方法与通过活动记录仪评估的睡眠/觉醒参数之间存在充分的关联，并且具有出色的时间稳定性（信度）。
