Tuvblad Catherine, Raine Adrian, Zheng Mo, Baker Laura A
Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1061, USA.
Aggress Behav. 2009 Nov-Dec;35(6):437-52. doi: 10.1002/ab.20319.
The aim of this study was to examine stability and change in genetic and environmental influences on reactive (impulsive and affective) and proactive (planned and instrumental) aggression from childhood to early adolescence. The sample was drawn from an ongoing longitudinal twin study of risk factors for antisocial behavior at the University of Southern California (USC). The twins were measured on two occasions: ages 9-10 years (N=1,241) and 11-14 years (N=874). Reactive and proactive aggressive behaviors were rated by parents. The stability in reactive aggression was due to genetic and nonshared environmental influences, whereas the continuity in proactive aggression was primarily genetically mediated. Change in both reactive and proactive aggression between the two occasions was mainly explained by nonshared environmental influences, although some evidence for new genetic variance at the second occasion was found for both forms of aggression. These results suggest that proactive and reactive aggression differ in their genetic and environmental stability, and provide further evidence for some distinction between reactive and proactive forms of aggression.
本研究的目的是考察从童年到青春期早期，遗传和环境对反应性（冲动性和情感性）攻击及主动性（计划性和工具性）攻击影响的稳定性和变化情况。样本取自南加州大学（USC）一项正在进行的关于反社会行为风险因素的纵向双生子研究。双生子在两个时间点进行测量：9至10岁（N = 1241）和11至14岁（N = 874）。反应性和主动性攻击行为由父母进行评定。反应性攻击的稳定性归因于遗传和非共享环境影响，而主动性攻击的连续性主要由遗传介导。两次测量之间反应性和主动性攻击的变化主要由非共享环境影响来解释，不过两种形式的攻击在第二次测量时均发现了一些新的遗传变异的证据。这些结果表明，主动性和反应性攻击在遗传和环境稳定性方面存在差异，并为反应性和主动性攻击形式之间的某些区别提供了进一步的证据。
