Farenhorst Marit, Mouatcho Joel C, Kikankie Christophe K, Brooke Basil D, Hunt Richard H, Thomas Matthew B, Koekemoer Lizette L, Knols Bart G J, Coetzee Maureen
Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 8031, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Oct 13;106(41):17443-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0908530106. Epub 2009 Sep 24.
The evolution of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is threatening the effectiveness and sustainability of malaria control programs in various parts of the world. Through their unique mode of action, entomopathogenic fungi provide promising alternatives to chemical control. However, potential interactions between fungal infection and insecticide resistance, such as cross-resistance, have not been investigated. We show that insecticide-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes remain susceptible to infection with the fungus Beauveria bassiana. Four different mosquito strains with high resistance levels against pyrethroids, organochlorines, or carbamates were equally susceptible to B. bassiana infection as their baseline counterparts, showing significantly reduced mosquito survival. Moreover, fungal infection reduced the expression of resistance to the key public health insecticides permethrin and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane. Mosquitoes preinfected with B. bassiana or Metarhizium anisopliae showed a significant increase in mortality after insecticide exposure compared with uninfected control mosquitoes. Our results show a high potential utility of fungal biopesticides for complementing existing vector control measures and provide products for use in resistance management strategies.
蚊子对杀虫剂抗性的演变正威胁着世界各疟疾防控项目的有效性和可持续性。昆虫病原真菌通过其独特的作用方式，为化学防治提供了有前景的替代方法。然而，真菌感染与杀虫剂抗性之间的潜在相互作用，如交叉抗性，尚未得到研究。我们发现，对杀虫剂具有抗性的按蚊对球孢白僵菌感染仍敏感。四种对拟除虫菊酯、有机氯或氨基甲酸酯具有高抗性水平的不同蚊子品系，与它们的对照品系一样，对球孢白僵菌感染同样敏感，显示出蚊子存活率显著降低。此外，真菌感染降低了对关键公共卫生杀虫剂氯菊酯和二氯二苯三氯乙烷的抗性表达。与未感染的对照蚊子相比，预先感染球孢白僵菌或绿僵菌的蚊子在接触杀虫剂后死亡率显著增加。我们的结果表明真菌生物杀虫剂在补充现有病媒控制措施方面具有很高的潜在效用，并为抗性管理策略提供了可用产品。
