Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
Nat Prod Res. 2009;23(17):1630-40. doi: 10.1080/14786410903003780.
This study evaluates the presence, location and production source of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in two species of pufferfish, Diodon histrix and Arothron hispidus, common to Hawaiian waters. Organs from each fish were analysed for TTX and used to isolate bacteria for evaluation of possible TTX production. Comparative analyses of extracts of fish and bacterial culture media were performed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and a sodium channel specific bioassay. Bacterial cultivation experiments were performed in two different growth media and bacteria were identified through sequence homology of the 16S rRNA gene. Forty-two and forty-seven distinct strains were cultivated from D. histrix and A. hispidus, respectively. However, no commonality was found between the populations of bacteria isolated from the two fish. TTX was detected only in A. hispidus and was present in the flesh, pectoral fin and kidneys, as well as the skin slime. Sixteen of the forty-seven bacterial species isolated from A. hispidus were cultivated for further evaluation of TTX production. Among these sixteen bacterial species, Vibrio harveyi strains isolated from the skin slime and kidneys of A. hispidus were found to produce TTX, being the source of TTX produced in the pufferfish.
本研究评估了两种常见于夏威夷水域的河豚鱼，叉鼻鲀（Diodon histrix）和波纹裸胸鳝（Arothron hispidus）体内河豚毒素（TTX）的存在、分布和产生源。分析了每只鱼的器官中 TTX 的含量，并分离出细菌以评估其可能的 TTX 产生能力。采用液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）和钠离子通道特异性生物测定法对鱼和细菌培养基提取物进行了比较分析。在两种不同的生长培养基中进行了细菌培养实验，并通过 16S rRNA 基因的序列同源性对细菌进行了鉴定。从叉鼻鲀和波纹裸胸鳝中分别培养了 42 株和 47 株不同的菌株。然而，从两种鱼中分离出的细菌种群之间没有共同性。TTX 仅在波纹裸胸鳝中被检测到，存在于鱼肉、胸鳍和肾脏以及皮肤黏液中。从波纹裸胸鳝中分离出的 47 种细菌中有 16 种被进一步培养以评估 TTX 的产生能力。在这 16 种细菌中，从波纹裸胸鳝皮肤黏液和肾脏中分离出的哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）菌株被发现能够产生 TTX，是河豚鱼中 TTX 的产生源。
