Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave. MC669, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
Biochem Cell Biol. 2009 Oct;87(5):747-58. doi: 10.1139/O09-037.
Telomeres, the natural ends of linear chromosomes, must be protected and completely replicated to guarantee genomic stability in eukaryotic cells. However, the protected state of telomeres is not compatible with recruitment of telomerase, an enzyme responsible for extending telomeric G-rich repeats during S-phase; thus, telomeres must undergo switches from a protected state to an accessible state during the cell cycle. In this minireview, we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of proteins involved in the protection and replication of telomeres, and the way these factors are dynamically recruited to telomeres during the cell cycle. We will focus mainly on recent results from fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and compare them with results from budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and mammalian cell studies. In addition, a model for the way in which fission yeast cells replicate telomeres will be presented.
端粒是线性染色体的自然末端，必须受到保护并完全复制，以保证真核细胞的基因组稳定性。然而，端粒的保护状态与端粒酶的募集不兼容，端粒酶是一种在 S 期负责延伸富含 G 的端粒重复序列的酶；因此，端粒必须在细胞周期中从保护状态切换到可访问状态。在这篇综述中，我们将总结我们对参与端粒保护和复制的蛋白质的理解的最新进展，以及这些因素在细胞周期中如何被动态募集到端粒。我们将主要集中在裂殖酵母 Schizosaccharomyces pombe 的最新研究结果，并将其与酿酒酵母 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 和哺乳动物细胞研究的结果进行比较。此外，还将提出裂殖酵母细胞复制端粒的方式模型。
