Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 2010 Feb;44(3):179-87. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2009.065565. Epub 2009 Nov 27.
Cold-water immersion (CWI) is a popular recovery intervention after exercise. The scientific rationale is not clear, and there are no clear guidelines for its use. The aim of this review was to study the physiological and biochemical effect of short periods of CWI. A computer-based literature search, citation tracking and related articles searches were undertaken. Primary research studies using healthy human participants, immersed in cold water (<15 degrees C), for 5 min durations or less were included. Data were extracted on body temperature, cardiovascular, respiratory and biochemical response. 16 studies were included. Sample size was restricted, and there was a large degree of study heterogeneity. CWI was associated with an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory minute volume and metabolism. Decreases in end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure and a decrease in cerebral blood flow were also reported. There was evidence of increases in peripheral catecholamine concentration, oxidative stress and a possible increase in free-radical-species formation. The magnitude of these responses may be attenuated with acclimatisation. CWI induces significant physiological and biochemical changes to the body. Much of this evidence is derived from full body immersions using resting healthy participants. The physiological and biochemical rationale for using short periods of CWI in sports recovery still remains unclear.
冷水浸泡（CWI）是运动后一种流行的恢复干预措施。其科学原理尚不清楚，也没有明确的使用指南。本综述的目的是研究短时间 CWI 的生理和生化效应。我们进行了基于计算机的文献检索、引文追踪和相关文章搜索。纳入了使用健康人类参与者，将其浸泡在冷水（<15°C）中持续 5 分钟或更短时间的主要研究。提取体温、心血管、呼吸和生化反应的数据。共纳入 16 项研究。样本量有限，且研究异质性很大。CWI 与心率、血压、呼吸分钟量和代谢增加有关。也有报道称，潮气末二氧化碳分压降低和脑血流量减少。还存在外周儿茶酚胺浓度增加、氧化应激和自由基形成增加的证据。这些反应的幅度可能随适应而减弱。CWI 会引起身体的重大生理和生化变化。这些证据大多来自使用静止健康参与者的全身浸泡。在运动恢复中使用短时间 CWI 的生理和生化原理仍不清楚。
