Vitale Susan, Sperduto Robert D, Ferris Frederick L
Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr, Room 10D45, Mail Stop 1863, Bethesda, MD 20892-1863, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Dec;127(12):1632-9. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.303.
To compare US population prevalence estimates for myopia in 1971-1972 and 1999-2004.
The 1971-1972 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey provided the earliest nationally representative estimates for US myopia prevalence; myopia was diagnosed by an algorithm using either lensometry, pinhole visual acuity, and presenting visual acuity (for presenting visual acuity > or =20/40) or retinoscopy (for presenting visual acuity < or =20/50). Using a similar method for diagnosing myopia, we examined data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to determine whether myopia prevalence had changed during the 30 years between the 2 surveys.
Using the 1971-1972 method, the estimated prevalence of myopia in persons aged 12 to 54 years was significantly higher in 1999-2004 than in 1971-1972 (41.6% vs 25.0%, respectively; P < .001). Prevalence estimates were higher in 1999-2004 than in 1971-1972 for black individuals (33.5% vs 13.0%, respectively; P < .001) and white individuals (43.0% vs 26.3%, respectively; P < .001) and for all levels of myopia severity (>-2.0 diopters [D]: 17.5% vs 13.4%, respectively [P < .001]; < or =-2.0 to >-7.9 D: 22.4% vs 11.4%, respectively [P < .001]; < or =-7.9 D: 1.6% vs 0.2%, respectively [P < .001]).
When using similar methods for each period, the prevalence of myopia in the United States appears to be substantially higher in 1999-2004 than 30 years earlier. Identifying modifiable risk factors for myopia could lead to the development of cost-effective interventional strategies.
比较1971 - 1972年和1999 - 2004年美国人群近视患病率的估计值。
1971 - 1972年的全国健康与营养检查调查提供了美国最早具有全国代表性的近视患病率估计值；近视通过一种算法诊断，该算法使用验光仪、针孔视力和当前视力（当前视力≥20/40）或视网膜检影法（当前视力≤20/50）。我们使用类似的近视诊断方法，检查了1999 - 2004年全国健康与营养检查调查的数据，以确定在这两次调查间隔的30年中近视患病率是否发生了变化。
采用1971 - 1972年的方法，1999 - 2004年12至54岁人群的近视估计患病率显著高于1971 - 1972年（分别为41.6%和25.0%；P <.001）。1999 - 2004年黑人个体（分别为33.5%和13.0%；P <.001）、白人个体（分别为43.0%和26.3%；P <.001）以及所有近视严重程度水平（>-2.0屈光度[D]：分别为17.5%和13.4%[P <.001]；≤ -2.0至>-7.9 D：分别为22.4%和11.4%[P <.001]；≤ -7.9 D：分别为1.6%和0.2%[P <.001]）的患病率估计值均高于1971 - 1972年。
当每个时期使用类似方法时,1999 - 2004年美国的近视患病率似乎比30年前大幅升高。确定近视的可改变危险因素可能会促成具有成本效益的干预策略的制定。
