Kempen John H, Mitchell Paul, Lee Kristine E, Tielsch James M, Broman Aimee T, Taylor Hugh R, Ikram M Kamran, Congdon Nathan G, O'Colmain Benita J
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 550 N. Broadway, Suite 700, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Arch Ophthalmol. 2004 Apr;122(4):495-505. doi: 10.1001/archopht.122.4.495.
To estimate the prevalence of refractive errors in persons 40 years and older.
Counts of persons with phakic eyes with and without spherical equivalent refractive error in the worse eye of +3 diopters (D) or greater, -1 D or less, and -5 D or less were obtained from population-based eye surveys in strata of gender, race/ethnicity, and 5-year age intervals. Pooled age-, gender-, and race/ethnicity-specific rates for each refractive error were applied to the corresponding stratum-specific US, Western European, and Australian populations (years 2000 and projected 2020).
Six studies provided data from 29 281 persons. In the US, Western European, and Australian year 2000 populations 40 years or older, the estimated crude prevalence for hyperopia of +3 D or greater was 9.9%, 11.6%, and 5.8%, respectively (11.8 million, 21.6 million, and 0.47 million persons). For myopia of -1 D or less, the estimated crude prevalence was 25.4%, 26.6%, and 16.4% (30.4 million, 49.6 million, and 1.3 million persons), respectively, of whom 4.5%, 4.6%, and 2.8% (5.3 million, 8.5 million, and 0.23 million persons), respectively, had myopia of -5 D or less. Projected prevalence rates in 2020 were similar.
Refractive errors affect approximately one third of persons 40 years or older in the United States and Western Europe, and one fifth of Australians in this age group.
评估40岁及以上人群屈光不正的患病率。
从基于人群的眼部调查中获取不同性别、种族/族裔以及5岁年龄间隔组中，存在和不存在等效球镜屈光不正且屈光不正度数在较差眼为+3屈光度（D）及以上、-1 D及以下、-5 D及以下的有晶状体眼人群数量。将每个屈光不正的年龄、性别和种族/族裔特异性合并率应用于相应的美国、西欧和澳大利亚特定分层人群（2000年及预计的2020年）。
六项研究提供了29281人的数据。在美国、西欧和澳大利亚2000年40岁及以上人群中，等效球镜+3 D及以上远视的估计粗患病率分别为9.9%、11.6%和5.8%（分别为1180万人、2160万人和47万人）。对于等效球镜-1 D及以下近视，估计粗患病率分别为25.4%、26.6%和16.4%（分别为3040万人、4960万人和130万人），其中等效球镜-5 D及以下近视分别占4.5%、4.6%和2.8%（分别为约为530万人、850万人和23万人）。2020年的预计患病率与之相似。
屈光不正影响美国和西欧约三分之一的40岁及以上人群，以及该年龄组五分之一的澳大利亚人。
