U.m.l Urgence Main Liban; Bellevue Medical Center; Mansourieh, Beirut Lebanon.
Organogenesis. 2009 Jul;5(3):119-26. doi: 10.4161/org.5.3.9583.
Cryopreservation of human cells and tissue has generated great interest in the scientific community since 1949, when the cryoprotective activity of glycerol was discovered. Nowadays, it is possible to reach the optimal conditions for the cryopreservation of a homogeneous cell population or a one cell-layer tissue with the preservation of a high pourcentage of the initial cells. Success is attained when there is a high recovery rate of cell structures and tissue components after thawing. It is more delicate to obtain cryopreservation of composite tissues and much more a whole organ. The present work deals with fundamental principles of the cryobiology of biological structures, with special attention to the transfer of liquids between intra and extracellular compartments and the initiation of the formation and aggregation of ice during freezing. The consequences of various physical and chemical reactions on biological tissue are described for different cryoprotective agents. Finally, we report a review of results on cyropreservation of various tissues, on the one hand, and various organs, on the other. We also report immunomodulation of antigenic responses to cryopreserved cells and organs.
自 1949 年甘油的抗冷冻作用被发现以来，人类细胞和组织的冷冻保存引起了科学界的极大兴趣。如今，有可能通过保存高比例的初始细胞，达到同质细胞群体或单层细胞组织的最佳冷冻保存条件。成功的标准是在解冻后细胞结构和组织成分的高回收率。获得复合组织的冷冻保存更加微妙，而获得整个器官的冷冻保存则更加困难。本工作涉及生物结构的低温生物学基本原理，特别关注细胞内外腔室之间液体的转移以及冷冻过程中冰的形成和聚集的启动。不同冷冻保护剂对生物组织的各种物理和化学反应的后果进行了描述。最后，我们报告了关于各种组织和各种器官的冷冻保存结果的综述。我们还报告了对冷冻保存细胞和器官的抗原反应的免疫调节。
