Institut Universitari de Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Jul;34(8):1144-60. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.008. Epub 2010 Jan 28.
Thus far, most hypotheses on the evolutionary origin of sleep only addressed the probable origin of its main states, REM and NREM. Our article presents the origin of the whole continuum of mammalian vigilance states including waking, sleep and hibernation and the causes of the alternation NREM-REM in a sleeping episode. We propose: (1) the active state of reptiles is a form of subcortical waking, without homology with the cortical waking of mammals; (2) reptilian waking gave origin to mammalian sleep; (3) reptilian basking behaviour evolved into NREM; (4) post-basking risk assessment behaviour, with motor suspension, head dipping movements, eye scanning and stretch attending postures, evolved into phasic REM; (5) post-basking, goal directed behaviour evolved into tonic REM and (6) nocturnal rest evolved to shallow torpor. A small number of changes from previous reptilian stages explain these transformations.
迄今为止，关于睡眠进化起源的大多数假说仅涉及其主要状态 REM 和 NREM 的可能起源。我们的文章介绍了包括觉醒、睡眠和冬眠在内的整个哺乳动物警戒状态连续体的起源，以及睡眠发作中 NREM-REM 交替的原因。我们提出：(1) 爬行动物的活跃状态是一种皮质下觉醒的形式，与哺乳动物的皮质觉醒没有同源性；(2) 爬行动物的觉醒导致了哺乳动物的睡眠；(3) 爬行动物的晒背行为演变成了非快速眼动睡眠；(4) 晒背后的风险评估行为，伴随着运动暂停、头部俯动、眼睛扫视和伸展姿势，演变成了相位性快速眼动睡眠；(5) 晒背后的目标导向行为演变成了紧张性快速眼动睡眠；(6) 夜间休息演变成了浅层休眠。从以前的爬行动物阶段的少数变化解释了这些转变。
