[Prevalence of frailty in an elderly Spanish urban population. Relationship with comorbidity and disability].

AIM

To estimate prevalence of frailty, by Fried criteria, in a Spanish urban old population, and to analyse relationship with comorbidity and disability.

POPULATION

Aged ≥ 65 living in Peñagrande area (Fuencarral district in Madrid, Spain).

DESIGN

Cross-sectional study. Baseline evaluation of "Cohort of Peñagrande" established in 814 person.

MEASUREMENTS

Frailty was defined by the presence of ≥ 3 of the following criteria: unintentional weight loss, weakness (grip strength), exhaustion, low walking speed, and low physical activity. Age, gender, marital status, educational level, global income at home, comorbidity and disability were measured. A descriptive bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed and ponderated by age and gender in study population. Association was estimated by Odds Ratio and confidence intervals (OR, IC 95%).

RESULTS

73,3% participated (N=814), 48,6% were men and the median age was 76 [71-83]. The estimated prevalence of frailty in the study population was 10,3% (IC95%: 8,2-12,5): 8,1% male and 11,9% female (p=0.084). Frailty was associated with aged ≥ 85 (OR=3,61; IC95%: 1,26-10,29), low educational level (OR=1,71; IC95%: 1,01-2,90), comorbidity (OR=1,27; IC95%:1,03-1,56 by each process) and disability (OR=15,61; IC95%: 8,88-27,45).

CONCLUSIONS

Prevalence of frailty in an elderly spanish population is similar to international studies. In our environment first beneficiary population for frailty detection is constituted by people aged ≥ 85, and those with comorbidity and low educational level.