Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2010 Feb 28;12(8):1649-58. doi: 10.1039/b921462n. Epub 2010 Jan 12.
Ionic liquids (ILs) are ambient temperature molten salts that have attracted considerable attention because of their negligible volatility, thermal stability, nonflammability, and high ionic conductivity. These remarkable properties result essentially from their ionic nature. Thus, the concept of ionicity of ILs (i.e. how ionic they are) is of great significance for characterising their properties. Here, we show the methodologies used to assess the ionic nature in ILs. On the basis of quantitative estimation of the ionicity, their dependence on ionic structure, polarity scales, and physicochemical properties is reviewed. The ionicity of certain ILs is also predicted from their physicochemical properties. The effects of different classes of ILs (e.g., protic ILs and lithium ILs) and binary systems consisting of ILs and other components on the ionicity are also discussed.
离子液体（ILs）是在环境温度下呈熔融盐状态的物质，由于其挥发性低、热稳定性高、不可燃和高离子电导率，因此引起了广泛关注。这些显著的特性主要源于其离子特性。因此，离子液体的离子特性（即它们的离子程度）对于描述其性质具有重要意义。在这里，我们展示了评估离子液体离子特性的方法。在此基础上，综述了离子特性与离子结构、极性标度和物理化学性质的关系。还从物理化学性质预测了某些离子液体的离子特性。此外，还讨论了不同类型的离子液体（例如质子离子液体和锂离子液体）以及由离子液体和其他成分组成的二元体系对离子特性的影响。
