Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Head Face Med. 2010 Feb 15;6:1. doi: 10.1186/1746-160X-6-1.
Diseases of the salivary glands are rare in infants and children (with the exception of diseases such as parotitis epidemica and cytomegaly) and the therapeutic regimen differs from that in adults. It is therefore all the more important to gain exact and extensive insight into general and special aspects of pathological changes of the salivary glands in these age groups. Etiology and pathogenesis of these entities is still not yet fully known for the age group in question so that general rules for treatment, based on clinical experience, cannot be given, particularly in view of the small number of cases of the different diseases. Swellings of the salivary glands may be caused by acute and chronic inflammatory processes, by autoimmune diseases, by duct translocation due to sialolithiasis, and by tumors of varying dignity. Clinical examination and diagnosis has also to differentiate between salivary gland cysts and inflammation or tumors.
Salivary gland diseases are rare in childhood and adolescence. Their pattern of incidence differs very much from that of adults. Acute and chronic sialadenitis not responding to conservative treatment requires an appropriate surgical approach. The rareness of salivary gland tumors is particularly true for the malignant parotid tumors which are more frequent in juvenile patients, a fact that has to be considered in diagnosis and therapy.
唾液腺疾病在婴儿和儿童中较为罕见（除了流行性腮腺炎和巨细胞病毒等疾病），治疗方案也与成人不同。因此，更需要全面深入地了解这些年龄段唾液腺的一般和特殊病理变化。对于该年龄段，这些疾病的病因和发病机制尚未完全清楚，因此不能基于临床经验给出一般性的治疗规则，特别是由于不同疾病的病例数量较少。唾液腺肿胀可能由急性和慢性炎症过程、自身免疫性疾病、涎石症引起的导管移位以及不同程度的肿瘤引起。临床检查和诊断还必须区分唾液腺囊肿、炎症或肿瘤。
唾液腺疾病在儿童和青少年中较为罕见。其发病模式与成人有很大不同。对保守治疗无反应的急性和慢性唾液腺炎需要适当的手术治疗。唾液腺肿瘤的罕见性尤其适用于恶性腮腺肿瘤，青少年患者更为常见，这在诊断和治疗中需要考虑到这一点。
