Section of Developmental and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health.
J Addict Med. 2009 Jun;3(2):47-54. doi: 10.1097/ADM.0b013e31819ca788.
The adolescent period is characterized by substantial behavioral changes, including increases in novelty-seeking and risk-taking, which may facilitate substance use and experimentation. These behavioral changes co-occur with widespread structural and functional neural developments. Ontogenic changes affecting the neural circuitry subserving inhibitory control and reward-related processes are particularly relevant to adolescent risk-taking behavior. Impairment or immaturity of these processes are shown to contribute to enhanced risk for substance abuse. Additionally, the direct neural action of drugs of abuse in adolescents may have more severe consequences than in adults because of the additional potential effects on development. Functional neuroimaging research is beginning to examine the neural correlates of reward and inhibitory processes in adolescents. However, the study of the consequences of exposure to drugs of abuse on brain function in adolescents is lagging. This review summarizes the functional neuroimaging literature that can inform conceptualizations of risk and consequences of substance use in adolescence.
青少年期的特点是行为发生重大变化，包括对新奇事物的追求和冒险行为增加，这可能会促进物质使用和尝试。这些行为变化与广泛的结构和功能神经发育同时发生。影响抑制控制和奖励相关过程的神经回路的个体发育变化与青少年冒险行为特别相关。这些过程的损害或不成熟被证明会增加物质滥用的风险。此外，由于对发育的潜在影响，青少年时期滥用药物的直接神经作用可能比成年人更严重。功能神经影像学研究开始研究青少年时期奖励和抑制过程的神经相关性。然而，关于接触滥用药物对青少年大脑功能的影响的研究却滞后了。这篇综述总结了功能神经影像学文献，可以帮助理解青少年时期物质使用的风险和后果。
