Laszlo Sarah, Federmeier Kara D
Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
J Mem Lang. 2009 Oct 1;61(3):326-338. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2009.06.004.
Two related questions critical to understanding the predictive processes that come online during sentence comprehension are 1) what information is included in the representation created through prediction and 2) at what functional stage does top-down, predicted information begin to affect bottom-up word processing? We investigated these questions by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) as participants read sentences that ended with expected words or with unexpected items (words, pseudowords, or illegal strings) that were either orthographically unrelated to the expected word or were one of its orthographic neighbors. The data show that, regardless of lexical status, attempts at semantic access (N400) for orthographic neighbors of expected words is facilitated relative to the processing of orthographically unrelated items. Our findings support a view of sentence processing wherein orthographically organized information is brought online by prediction and interacts with input prior to any filter on lexical status.
1）通过预测创建的表征中包含哪些信息；2）自上而下的预测信息在什么功能阶段开始影响自下而上的单词处理？我们通过记录事件相关电位（ERP）来研究这些问题，让参与者阅读以预期单词或以与预期单词在拼写上不相关或为其拼字邻居之一的意外项目（单词、伪词或非法字符串）结尾的句子。数据表明，无论词汇状态如何，相对于处理在拼写上不相关的项目，对预期单词的拼字邻居进行语义访问（N400）的尝试会更容易。我们的研究结果支持一种句子处理观点，即通过预测将按拼写组织的信息引入在线，并在对词汇状态进行任何过滤之前与输入进行交互。
