给予亲人和穷人：父母对成年子女的支持。
Giving to the Good and the Needy: Parental Support of Grown Children.
作者信息
Fingerman Karen, Miller Laura, Birditt Kira, Zarit Steven
机构信息
Purdue University.
出版信息
J Marriage Fam. 2009 Dec 1;71(5):1220-1233. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00665.x.
Abstract
Parents may provide many types of support to their grown children. Parents aged 40 to 60 (N = 633) reported the support they exchange with each child over age 18 (n = 1,384). Mothers and fathers differentiated among children within families, but provided emotional, financial, and practical help on average every few weeks to each child. Offspring received most assistance when they: (a) had greater needs (due to problems or younger age) or (b) were perceived as more successful. Parents received more from high achieving offspring. Findings support contingency theory; parents give more material and financial support to children in need. Motivation to enhance the self or to assure support later in life may explain support to high achieving offspring.
摘要
父母可能会为他们已成年的子女提供多种类型的支持。年龄在40到60岁之间的父母（N = 633）报告了他们与18岁以上的每个子女（n = 1384）之间的支持往来。母亲和父亲会区分家庭中的不同子女，但平均每隔几周就会为每个子女提供情感、经济和实际帮助。当子女出现以下情况时会得到最多帮助：（a）有更大需求（由于问题或年龄较小），或（b）被认为更成功。高成就子女会给予父母更多回报。研究结果支持权变理论；父母会为有需要的子女提供更多物质和经济支持。增强自我或确保晚年得到支持的动机可能解释了对高成就子女的支持。
相似文献
1
Giving to the Good and the Needy: Parental Support of Grown Children.给予亲人和穷人：父母对成年子女的支持。
J Marriage Fam. 2009 Dec 1;71(5):1220-1233. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00665.x.
2
Family pediatrics: report of the Task Force on the Family.家庭儿科学：家庭问题特别工作组报告
Pediatrics. 2003 Jun;111(6 Pt 2):1541-71.
3
Who gets what and why? Help middle-aged adults provide to parents and grown children.谁得到什么，为什么？帮助中年成年人向父母和成年子女提供帮助。
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2011 Jan;66(1):87-98. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbq009. Epub 2010 Mar 11.
4
The impact of altruistic behaviors for children and grandchildren on major depression among parents and grandparents in the United States: a prospective study.美国儿童和孙辈的利他行为对父母和祖父母中重度抑郁症的影响：一项前瞻性研究。
J Affect Disord. 2008 Apr;107(1-3):29-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2007.08.016. Epub 2007 Sep 17.
5
An intervention to improve the quality of life in children of parents with serious mental illness: the Young SMILES feasibility RCT.改善严重精神疾病父母子女生活质量的干预措施：Young SMILES 可行性 RCT。
Health Technol Assess. 2020 Nov;24(59):1-136. doi: 10.3310/hta24590.
6
"I'll Give You the World": Socioeconomic Differences in Parental Support of Adult Children.“我将给你整个世界”：成年子女的父母支持方面的社会经济差异
J Marriage Fam. 2015 Aug;77(4):844-865. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12204.
7
Help with "strings attached": offspring perceptions that middle-aged parents offer conflicted support.“有附加条件的帮助”：中年父母提供的相互冲突的支持，让子女感到困惑。
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2013 Nov;68(6):902-11. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbt032. Epub 2013 May 24.
8
Reciprocity in parent-child relations over the adult life course.成年人生历程中亲子关系的互惠性。
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2002 Jan;57(1):S3-13. doi: 10.1093/geronb/57.1.s3.
9
Stress and well-being among parents of children with rare diseases: a prospective intervention study.罕见病患儿父母的压力与幸福感：一项前瞻性干预研究。
J Adv Nurs. 2006 Feb;53(4):392-402. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03736.x.
10
"Like filling a lottery ticket with quite high stakes": a qualitative study exploring mothers' needs and perceptions of state-provided financial support for a child with a long-term illness in Finland.“就像用高风险的彩票中奖一样”：一项探索芬兰母亲对国家为长期患病儿童提供经济支持的需求和看法的定性研究。
BMC Public Health. 2021 Jan 25;21(1):208. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-10015-w.
引用本文的文献
1
Navigating Relationships with Birth Family After Aging Out of Foster Care: Experiences of Young People.脱离寄养照顾后与原生家庭建立关系：年轻人的经历
Fam Soc. 2025 Feb 28. doi: 10.1177/10443894241303193.
2
Social Support in America: Stratification and Trends in Access over Two Decades.美国的社会支持：二十年来的分层与获取趋势
Soc Forces. 2019 Dec;98(2):725-752. Epub 2019 Feb 26.
3
Analysis of demographic variation and childhood correlates of financial well-being across 22 countries.22个国家的人口结构差异及儿童时期经济状况相关因素分析
Nat Hum Behav. 2025 Apr 30. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02207-4.
4
How Intergenerational Estrangement Matters for Maternal and Adult Children's Health.代际疏远对母亲和成年子女健康的影响
J Marriage Fam. 2025 Feb;87(1):92-113. doi: 10.1111/jomf.13013. Epub 2024 Jun 9.
5
I love you no matter what: Negative relationship quality and daily encounters in the parent-child tie and their implications for daily mood across the lifespan.无论如何我都爱你：亲子关系中的负面关系质量与日常接触及其对一生当中日常情绪的影响。
Fam Process. 2025 Mar;64(1):e13094. doi: 10.1111/famp.13094.
6
Beyond the Nest: The Role of Financial Independence in Young Adult Health.超越巢穴：经济独立在青年健康中的作用。
Int J Behav Med. 2025 Jan 2. doi: 10.1007/s12529-024-10339-6.
7
Changes in social relationships from 26 to 34 years of age in adults born very preterm.极早产儿出生的成年人在26至34岁时社会关系的变化。
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2025 Jan;39(1):15-26. doi: 10.1111/ppe.13133. Epub 2024 Oct 27.
8
Aging Parents' and Middle-Aged Children's Evaluations of Parents' Disability and Life Problems.老年父母与中年子女对父母残疾及生活问题的评估。
J Adult Dev. 2020 Jun;27(2):135-146. doi: 10.1007/s10804-019-09336-x. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
9
Social inequality in the association between life transitions into adulthood and depressed mood: a 27-year longitudinal study.社会不平等对成年生活转变与抑郁情绪之间关联的影响：一项 27 年的纵向研究。
Front Public Health. 2024 Feb 27;12:1286554. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1286554. eCollection 2024.
10
Recent Parental Death and Relationship Qualities Between Midlife Adults and Their Grown Children.近期父母离世与中年成年人及其成年子女之间的关系特质
J Marriage Fam. 2019 Jun;81(3):616-630. doi: 10.1111/jomf.12549. Epub 2018 Nov 30.
本文引用的文献
1
Adult children's problems and successes: implications for intergenerational ambivalence.成年子女的问题与成功：对代际矛盾心理的启示。
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2010 Mar;65B(2):145-53. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbp125. Epub 2010 Jan 4.
2
Ambivalent relationship qualities between adults and their parents: implications for the well-being of both parties.成年人与其父母之间矛盾的关系特质：对双方幸福的影响。
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008 Nov;63(6):P362-71. doi: 10.1093/geronb/63.6.p362.
3
Culture and social support.文化与社会支持。
Am Psychol. 2008 Sep;63(6):518-26. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.
4
Regional differences in mother adult-child relations: a brief report.母亲与成年子女关系中的地区差异：简要报告
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2007 Nov;62(6):S388-91. doi: 10.1093/geronb/62.6.s388.
5
Linked Lives: Adult Children's Problems and Their Parents' Psychological and Relational Well-Being.相互关联的生活：成年子女的问题及其父母的心理和人际关系幸福感
J Marriage Fam. 2006 May;68(2):442-454. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00263.x.
6
When mothers have favourites: conditions under which mothers differentiate among their adult children.当母亲有偏爱时：母亲在成年子女间区别对待的条件。
Can J Aging. 2007 Summer;26(2):85-99. doi: 10.3138/cja.26.2.085.
7
Making choices: a within-family study of caregiver selection.做出选择：一项关于照料者选择的家庭内部研究。
Gerontologist. 2006 Aug;46(4):439-48. doi: 10.1093/geront/46.4.439.
8
Within-family differences in mothers' support to adult children.母亲对成年子女支持方面的家庭内部差异。
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2006 Jan;61(1):S10-7. doi: 10.1093/geronb/61.1.s10.
9
Reciprocity in relationships: socio-economic and health influences on intergenerational exchanges between Third Age parents and their adult children in Great Britain.人际关系中的互惠：社会经济和健康因素对英国老年父母与其成年子女之间代际交流的影响
Br J Sociol. 2005 Jun;56(2):233-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00057.x.
10
Social relationships and health.社会关系与健康。
Am Psychol. 2004 Nov;59(8):676-684. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.676.
Zotero 插件