CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Stud Mycol. 2009;64:17-47S7. doi: 10.3114/sim.2009.64.02.
The Capnodiales incorporates plant and human pathogens, endophytes, saprobes and epiphytes, with a wide range of nutritional modes. Several species are lichenised, or occur as parasites on fungi, or animals. The aim of the present study was to use DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes to test the monophyly of the Capnodiales, and resolve families within the order. We designed primers to allow the amplification and sequencing of almost the complete nuclear ribosomal small and large subunit RNA genes. Other than the Capnodiaceae (sooty moulds), and the Davidiellaceae, which contains saprobes and plant pathogens, the order presently incorporates families of major plant pathological importance such as the Mycosphaerellaceae, Teratosphaeriaceae and Schizothyriaceae. The Piedraiaceae was not supported, but resolves in the Teratosphaeriaceae. The Dissoconiaceae is introduced as a new family to accommodate Dissoconium and Ramichloridium. Lichenisation, as well as the ability to be saprobic or plant pathogenic evolved more than once in several families, though the taxa in the upper clades of the tree lead us to conclude that the strictly plant pathogenic, nectrotrophic families evolved from saprobic ancestors (Capnodiaceae), which is the more primitive state.
粉棒孢目包含植物和人类病原体、内生菌、腐生菌和附生菌，具有广泛的营养方式。一些物种是地衣化的，或者作为真菌或动物的寄生虫存在。本研究的目的是利用核核糖体小亚基和大亚基 RNA 基因的 DNA 序列数据来检验粉棒孢目的单系性，并解决目内的科。我们设计了引物，以允许扩增和测序几乎完整的核核糖体小亚基和大亚基 RNA 基因。除了粉棒科（煤污菌）和包含腐生菌和植物病原体的戴维利亚科外，该目目前还包含对植物病理学具有重要意义的科，如球腔菌科、拟盘多毛孢科和核腔菌科。皮德雷亚科不支持，但在拟盘多毛孢科中解决。 Dissoconiaceae 被引入作为一个新的科来容纳 Dissoconium 和 Ramichloridium。地衣化以及腐生或植物病原性的能力在几个科中多次进化，尽管树的上层枝上的分类群使我们得出结论，严格的植物病原性、坏死营养性科是从腐生祖先（粉棒科）进化而来的，这是更原始的状态。
