Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Stud Mycol. 2009;64:123-133S7. doi: 10.3114/sim.2009.64.06.
The class Dothideomycetes (along with Eurotiomycetes) includes numerous rock-inhabiting fungi (RIF), a group of ascomycetes that tolerates surprisingly well harsh conditions prevailing on rock surfaces. Despite their convergent morphology and physiology, RIF are phylogenetically highly diverse in Dothideomycetes. However, the positions of main groups of RIF in this class remain unclear due to the lack of a strong phylogenetic framework. Moreover, connections between rock-dwelling habit and other lifestyles found in Dothideomycetes such as plant pathogens, saprobes and lichen-forming fungi are still unexplored. Based on multigene phylogenetic analyses, we report that RIF belong to Capnodiales (particularly to the family Teratosphaeriaceae s.l.), Dothideales, Pleosporales, and Myriangiales, as well as some uncharacterised groups with affinities to Dothideomycetes. Moreover, one lineage consisting exclusively of RIF proved to be closely related to Arthoniomycetes, the sister class of Dothideomycetes. The broad phylogenetic amplitude of RIF in Dothideomycetes suggests that total species richness in this class remains underestimated. Composition of some RIF-rich lineages suggests that rock surfaces are reservoirs for plant-associated fungi or saprobes, although other data also agree with rocks as a primary substrate for ancient fungal lineages. According to the current sampling, long distance dispersal seems to be common for RIF. Dothideomycetes lineages comprising lichens also include RIF, suggesting a possible link between rock-dwelling habit and lichenisation.
粪壳菌纲（与散囊菌纲一起）包括许多岩生真菌（RIF），这是一群子囊菌，能很好地耐受岩石表面的恶劣条件。尽管它们的形态和生理学趋同，但粪壳菌纲中的 RIF 在系统发育上具有高度多样性。然而，由于缺乏强有力的系统发育框架，RIF 在该目中的主要群体的位置仍不清楚。此外，与在粪壳菌纲中发现的其他生活方式（如植物病原体、腐生菌和地衣形成真菌）相关的岩生习性之间的联系仍未得到探索。基于多基因系统发育分析，我们报告 RIF 属于座囊菌目（特别是座囊菌科 s.l.）、尾囊菌目、腔菌目和丝孢菌目，以及一些与粪壳菌纲有关的未描述的类群。此外，一个完全由 RIF 组成的谱系与 Arthoniomycetes 密切相关，后者是粪壳菌纲的姊妹类群。RIF 在粪壳菌纲中的广泛系统发育幅度表明，该目中的总物种丰富度仍然被低估。一些 RIF 丰富的谱系的组成表明，岩石表面是与植物相关的真菌或腐生菌的储库，尽管其他数据也与岩石作为古老真菌谱系的主要基质相一致。根据目前的采样情况，RIF 的长距离扩散似乎很常见。包含地衣的粪壳菌纲谱系也包括 RIF，这表明岩生习性与地衣化之间可能存在联系。
