University of Saskatchewan, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Regina Qu'Appelle Health Region, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Int Breastfeed J. 2010 Feb 19;5:3. doi: 10.1186/1746-4358-5-3.
Few studies in recent years have demonstrated the effect of maternal diet on fatty acid composition of human milk.
Fourteen free-living lactating women participated in a cross-over dietary intervention study, consuming a low fat diet (17.6% of energy as fat, 14.4% of energy as protein, 68.0% of energy as carbohydrate) and a high fat diet (40.3% of energy as fat, 14.4% of energy as protein, 45.3% of energy as carbohydrate) each for periods of 4 days, in randomised order. Each mother was her own control. Mature milk samples were collected during each period and analysed for medium and long chain fatty acids.
The concentration of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA), was 13.6% in breast milk for the low fat diet compared to 11.4% for the high fat (p < 0.05). Arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) levels were significantly higher in breast milk when women consumed the low fat diet. Increased dietary intake of stearic acid (C18:0) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) on the high fat diet significantly increased proportions of these fatty acids in breast milk (p < 0.05) in 4 days.
Changing maternal dietary fat intake has a rapid response in terms of changes to fatty acids in breast milk.
近年来，很少有研究表明母亲的饮食对人乳脂肪酸组成的影响。
14 名自由生活的哺乳期妇女参与了一项交叉膳食干预研究，分别摄入低脂肪饮食（脂肪供能比 17.6%，蛋白质供能比 14.4%，碳水化合物供能比 68.0%）和高脂肪饮食（脂肪供能比 40.3%，蛋白质供能比 14.4%，碳水化合物供能比 45.3%），每种饮食持续 4 天，随机进行。每位母亲都是自己的对照。在每个时期收集成熟的母乳样本并分析中链和长链脂肪酸。
与高脂肪饮食相比，低脂肪饮食时母乳中中链脂肪酸（MCFA）的浓度为 13.6%（p<0.05）。当妇女食用低脂肪饮食时，母乳中的花生四烯酸（C20:4n-6）水平显著升高。高脂肪饮食中增加硬脂酸（C18:0）和α-亚麻酸（C18:3n-3）的饮食摄入，显著增加了这些脂肪酸在 4 天内母乳中的比例（p<0.05）。
改变母亲的饮食脂肪摄入会迅速影响母乳中的脂肪酸。
