United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY 10017, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Feb;24(1):89-99. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2009.08.011.
An adequate iodine intake during pregnancy, lactation and early childhood is particularly critical for optimal brain development of the foetus and of children 7-24 months of age. While the primary strategy for sustainable elimination of iodine deficiency remains universal salt iodisation, the World Health Organization and the United Nations Children's Fund recommend a complementary strategy of iodine supplements as a temporary measure when salt iodisation could not be implemented. This article aims to review current evidence on efficacy and implications of implementing iodine supplementation as a public health measure to address iodine deficiency. Iodine supplementation seems unlikely to reach high coverage in a rapid, equitable and sustained way. Implementing the programme requires political commitment, effective and efficient supply, distribution and targeting, continuous education and communication and a robust monitoring system. Thus, universal salt iodisation should remain the primary strategy to eliminate iodine deficiency.
孕妇、哺乳期和幼儿期摄入足够的碘对于胎儿和 7-24 个月大的儿童的大脑最佳发育尤为关键。虽然可持续消除碘缺乏的主要策略仍然是普遍食盐碘化，但世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会建议在无法实施食盐碘化时，采用补充碘剂作为一种临时措施。本文旨在回顾实施碘补充作为公共卫生措施以解决碘缺乏的有效性和影响的现有证据。碘补充似乎不太可能以快速、公平和可持续的方式达到高覆盖率。实施该计划需要政治承诺、有效的供应、分配和针对性、持续的教育和沟通以及健全的监测系统。因此，普遍食盐碘化仍然是消除碘缺乏的主要策略。
