Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2010 May-Jun;2(3):277-90. doi: 10.1002/wnan.83.
Respiratory viruses are a constant concern for all demographics. Examples include established viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the leading cause of respiratory infection in infants and young children, and emerging viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which reached near pandemic levels in 2003, or H1N1 (swine) influenza. Despite this prevalence, traditional methods of virus detection are typically labor intensive and require several days to successfully confirm infection. Recently, however, nanoparticle-based detection strategies have been employed in an effort to develop detection assays that are both sensitive and expedient. Each of these platforms capitalizes on the unique properties of nanoparticles for the detection of respiratory viruses. In this article, several nanoparticle-based scaffolds are discussed. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been functionalized with virus specific antibodies or oligonucleotides. In each of these constructs, AuNPs act as both an easily conjugated scaffolding system for biological molecules and a powerful fluorescence quencher. AuNPs have also been immobilized and used as electrochemical transducers. They efficiently serve as a conducting interface of electrocatalyic activity making them a powerful tool in this application. Quantum dots (QDs) posses unique fluorescence properties that have also been explored for their application to virus detection when combined with direct antibody conjugation or streptavidin-biotin binding systems. QDs have an advantage over many traditional fluorophores because their fluorescence properties can be finely tuned and they are resistant to photobleaching. The development of these nanoparticle-based detection strategies holds the potential to be a powerful method to quickly and easily confirm respiratory virus infection.
呼吸道病毒是所有人群都关注的问题。其中包括已确立的病毒，如呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV），这是婴儿和幼儿呼吸道感染的主要原因，以及新兴的病毒，如严重急性呼吸系统综合症（SARS），该病毒在 2003 年几乎达到了大流行水平，或 H1N1（猪）流感。尽管如此，传统的病毒检测方法通常劳动强度大，需要数天时间才能成功确认感染。然而，最近已经采用了基于纳米粒子的检测策略，以努力开发既敏感又快捷的检测方法。这些平台中的每一个都利用了纳米粒子的独特性质来检测呼吸道病毒。在本文中，讨论了几种基于纳米粒子的支架。金纳米粒子（AuNPs）已用病毒特异性抗体或寡核苷酸功能化。在这些构建体中的每一个中，AuNPs 既可以作为生物分子的易于共轭支架系统，也可以作为强大的荧光猝灭剂。AuNPs 也已被固定并用作电化学传感器。它们有效地用作电催化活性的导电界面，使它们成为该应用中的强大工具。量子点（QD）具有独特的荧光性质，当与直接抗体缀合或链霉亲和素-生物素结合系统结合使用时，也已被探索用于病毒检测。QD 相对于许多传统荧光团具有优势，因为它们的荧光性质可以进行精细调节，并且它们不易发生光漂白。这些基于纳米粒子的检测策略的发展有可能成为快速简便地确认呼吸道病毒感染的有力方法。
