Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2010 May;69(2):261-8. doi: 10.1017/S0029665110000108. Epub 2010 Mar 5.
The interaction between nutrition and infection was the subject of important work by several groups in the 1960s. The explosion of knowledge in immunology, including innate immunity, has led to increased understanding of the impact of nutrition on host defence, but much more work needs to be done in this area. In the last decade an increasing volume of work has opened up the previously obscure world of human endogenous flora. This work suggests that the microbiome, the total genetic pool of the microbiota, contributes to the already complex interaction between nutrition and infectious disease. The established concept that nutritional status, host defence and infection all impact on each other now has to be expanded into a multiple interaction, with the microbiota interacting with all three other elements. There is good evidence that the microbiome programmes host defence and drives a metabolome that impacts on energy balance, and indeed on some micronutrients. In turn, host defence shapes the microbiome, and nutritional status, particularly micronutrient status, helps determine several elements of host defence. While interventions in this area are in their infancy, the understanding of interactions that already have an enormous impact on global health is now at a threshold. The present review explores the evidence for these interactions with a view to putting potential interventions into the context of a conceptual framework.
营养与感染之间的相互作用是 20 世纪 60 年代几个研究小组的重要研究课题。免疫学领域，包括先天免疫，知识的爆炸式增长使人们对营养对宿主防御的影响有了更多的了解，但在这一领域还需要做更多的工作。在过去的十年中，越来越多的研究揭示了人类内源性菌群这一先前不为人知的世界。这些研究表明，微生物组，即微生物群落的全部遗传库，有助于阐明营养与传染病之间已经很复杂的相互作用。目前已确立的营养状况、宿主防御和感染相互影响的概念，现在必须扩展为多因素相互作用，即微生物组与其他三个因素相互作用。有充分的证据表明，微生物组调节宿主防御，并驱动影响能量平衡，甚至影响某些微量营养素的代谢组。反过来，宿主防御也塑造了微生物组，而营养状况，特别是微量营养素状况，有助于确定宿主防御的几个要素。虽然这一领域的干预措施还处于起步阶段，但人们对已经对全球健康产生巨大影响的相互作用的理解现在已经达到了一个临界点。本综述探讨了这些相互作用的证据，以期将潜在的干预措施置于概念框架的背景下。
