Washington Center for Clinical Research, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 May;91(5):1530S-1536S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.28701G. Epub 2010 Mar 24.
The increase in childhood obesity mainly reflects increased energy intake. However, it is not clear which food categories are responsible for this increase. Food availability data, which are calculated from annual food production, imports, beginning stocks, subtracting exports, ending stocks, and nonfood uses, provide clues about which categories are the primary contributors. Data from 1909 to 2007 show increases in per capita availability of several product classes: added oils increased from 16.1 to 39.4 kg/y, meat increased from 56.3 to 91.2 kg/y, cheese increased from 1.7 to 14.9 kg/y, and frozen dairy products increased from 0.7 to 11.5 kg/y. From 1970 to 2007, per capita availability of sweeteners increased from 54.1 to 62.0 kg/y. Carbonated beverage availability has increased, partly at the expense of fluid milk. Flour and cereal availability decreased from 1909 until the late 1960s but rebounded thereafter. Availability of fruit, fruit juices, and vegetables has increased. We conclude that the major contributors to increased energy intake over the last century are oils, shortening, meat, cheese, and frozen desserts, with more recent increases in added sweeteners, fruit, fruit juices, and vegetables. These changes may have influenced the prevalence of childhood obesity.
儿童肥胖的增加主要反映了能量摄入的增加。然而，目前尚不清楚哪些食物类别对此增长负有责任。根据每年的粮食产量、进口量、期初库存、减去出口量、期末库存和非食用用途计算出的粮食供应数据，为哪些类别是主要贡献者提供了线索。1909 年至 2007 年的数据显示，几种产品类别的人均供应量都有所增加：添加油从 16.1 千克/人增加到 39.4 千克/人，肉类从 56.3 千克/人增加到 91.2 千克/人，奶酪从 1.7 千克/人增加到 14.9 千克/人，冷冻乳制品从 0.7 千克/人增加到 11.5 千克/人。从 1970 年到 2007 年，人均甜味剂供应量从 54.1 千克增加到 62.0 千克。碳酸饮料的供应有所增加，部分原因是液态奶的供应减少。面粉和谷物的供应量从 1909 年到 20 世纪 60 年代末一直下降，但此后有所反弹。水果、果汁和蔬菜的供应量有所增加。我们的结论是，上个世纪以来，导致能量摄入增加的主要因素是油、起酥油、肉类、奶酪和冷冻甜点，最近添加的甜味剂、水果、果汁和蔬菜的摄入量也有所增加。这些变化可能影响了儿童肥胖症的流行。
