Département de Chimie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7.
Analyst. 2010 Jul;135(7):1483-9. doi: 10.1039/c0an00053a. Epub 2010 Mar 31.
Since the last decade, nanohole arrays have emerged from an interesting optical phenomenon to the development of applications in photophysical studies, photovoltaics and as a sensing template for chemical and biological analyses. Numerous methodologies have been designed to manufacture nanohole arrays, including the use of focus ion beam milling, soft-imprint lithography, colloidal lithography and, more recently, modified nanosphere lithography (NSL). With NSL or colloidal lithography, the experimental conditions control the density of the nanosphere mask and, thus, the aspect of the nanohole arrays. Low surface coverage of the nanosphere mask produces disordered nanoholes. Ordered nanohole arrays are obtained with a densely packed nanosphere mask in combination with electrochemical deposition of the metal, glancing angle deposition (GLAD) or etching of the nanospheres prior to metal deposition. A review of these methodologies is presented here with an emphasis on the optical properties of nanoholes interesting in analytical chemistry. In particular, applications of these novel plasmonic materials will be demonstrated as substrates for a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and in electrochemistry with nano-patterned electrodes.
自上个十年以来，纳米孔阵列已经从一个有趣的光学现象发展成为光物理研究、光伏以及化学和生物分析传感模板等领域的应用。已经设计了许多方法来制造纳米孔阵列，包括使用聚焦离子束铣削、软压印光刻、胶体光刻，以及最近的改进型纳米球光刻（NSL）。使用 NSL 或胶体光刻，实验条件可以控制纳米球掩模的密度，从而控制纳米孔阵列的形貌。纳米球掩模的低表面覆盖率会产生无序的纳米孔。通过使用高密度的纳米球掩模并结合电化学沉积金属、掠角沉积（GLAD）或在金属沉积之前对纳米球进行刻蚀，可以获得有序的纳米孔阵列。本文对这些方法进行了综述，重点介绍了在分析化学中有趣的纳米孔光学特性。特别是，将展示这些新型等离子体材料作为局域表面等离子体共振（LSPR）、表面等离子体共振（SPR）、表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）的基底，以及在纳米图案化电极中的电化学应用。
