Specialization School of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy and Medical Toxicology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Pharmacol Res. 2010 Sep;62(3):207-27. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.04.001. Epub 2010 Apr 22.
Many herbal medications are used to treat diseases but while they are often efficacious, their safety is rarely considered by physicians or users. One particular safety concern is the risk of interactions with drugs, which often lead to toxicity or loss of therapeutic efficacy. In order to assess this risk, it is important to consider all potential mechanisms of pharmacokinetic interference. A large number of in vivo and invitro experiments and clinical studies have cast light on the possible effects of botanical products and phytochemicals on the many enzymes and transporters involved in gastrointestinal drug absorption. This review gives an overview and assessment of the most widely sold herbal medicinal products, including liquorice, garlic, ginger, ginkgo, green tea, St. John's wort, saw palmetto, turmeric, valerian, milk thistle and echinacea, on the basis of the available scientific evidence. Sound knowledge of the mechanisms of herb-drug interactions is essential for clinical risk assessment, in turn vital to healthcare practitioners in their efforts to reduce minimise risk and ensure that taking herbal medicinal products is as safe as possible.
许多草药被用于治疗疾病，但尽管它们通常有效，医生或使用者很少考虑其安全性。一个特别的安全问题是与药物相互作用的风险，这通常会导致毒性或丧失治疗效果。为了评估这种风险，重要的是要考虑所有潜在的药代动力学干扰机制。大量的体内和体外实验以及临床研究揭示了植物产品和植物化学物质对胃肠道药物吸收中涉及的许多酶和转运体的可能影响。本综述根据现有科学证据，对最广泛销售的草药药物进行了概述和评估，包括甘草、大蒜、生姜、银杏、绿茶、贯叶连翘、锯棕榈、姜黄、缬草、奶蓟草和紫锥菊。对草药-药物相互作用机制的充分了解对于临床风险评估至关重要，反过来对于医疗保健从业者来说，努力降低风险并确保草药药物的使用尽可能安全也是至关重要的。
