Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706-1598, USA.
Mol Plant Pathol. 2006 Jul;7(4):285-301. doi: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00338.x.
SUMMARY Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed presents a serious food safety issue on a global scale, causing tremendous yield and economic losses. These toxins, produced largely by members of the genera Aspergillus and Fusarium, represent a subset of the impressive array of secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. Some secondary metabolites are associated temporally and functionally with sporulation. In Aspergillus and Fusarium, sporulation and mycotoxin production are both regulated by G protein signalling pathways. G protein signalling pathways commonly regulate fungal development, stress response and expression of virulence traits. In addition, fungal development is influenced by external factors. Among these are lipids, and in particular, oxylipin signals, which may be derived from either the fungus or infected seeds. Regardless of origin, oxylipins have the potential to elicit profound changes in both sporulation and mycotoxin production in the fungus. Signal transduction via G protein signalling pathways represents one mechanism by which oxylipin signals might elicit these changes. Therefore, in this review we integrate discussion of oxylipin signals and of G protein signalling cascades as regulators of fungal development.
摘要 真菌毒素污染食品和饲料是一个全球性的严重食品安全问题，会导致巨大的产量和经济损失。这些毒素主要由曲霉属和镰刀菌属成员产生，是丝状真菌产生的大量次级代谢物中的一部分。一些次级代谢物与孢子形成在时间和功能上有关。在曲霉属和镰刀菌属中，孢子形成和真菌毒素的产生都受到 G 蛋白信号通路的调节。G 蛋白信号通路通常调节真菌的发育、应激反应和毒力特征的表达。此外，真菌的发育还受到外部因素的影响。其中包括脂质，特别是氧化脂信号，这些信号可能来自真菌或受感染的种子。无论其来源如何，氧化脂都有可能引发真菌孢子形成和真菌毒素产生的深刻变化。通过 G 蛋白信号通路进行信号转导是氧化脂信号引发这些变化的一种机制。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将讨论氧化脂信号和 G 蛋白信号级联作为真菌发育调节剂。
