Department of Psychology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881-0808, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010 Jun;78(3):349-61. doi: 10.1037/a0019166.
Using a randomized factorial design, we examined the efficacy of a brief motivational intervention (BMI) and a parent-based intervention (PBI) as universal preventive interventions to reduce alcohol use among incoming college students.
Participants (N = 1,014) were assessed prior to matriculation and at 10 months and 22 months postbaseline. Two-part latent growth modeling was used to simultaneously examine initiation and growth in heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related consequences.
This study retained 90.8% (n = 921) of randomized students at the 10-month follow-up and 84.0% (n = 852) of randomized students at the 22-month follow-up. BMI participants were significantly less likely than non-BMI participants to initiate heavy episodic drinking and to begin experiencing alcohol-related consequences. Effect sizes were minimal at 10 months (Cohen's h ranged from 0.02 to 0.07) and were small at 22 months (hs ranged from 0.15 to 0.22). A significant BMI x PBI interaction revealed that students receiving both the BMI and the PBI were significantly less likely to report the onset of consequences beyond the sum of the individual intervention effects (h = 0.08 at 10 months, and h = 0.21 at 22 months). Hypothesized direct BMI effects for reductions in heavy episodic drinking and consequences were not observed. Significant mediated effects via changes in descriptive norms were present for both growth and initiation of heavy episodic drinking and consequences.
To our knowledge, the current study is the first to provide support for BMI as a universal preventive intervention for incoming college students. Although hypothesized PBI main effects were not found, mediation analyses suggest future refinements could enhance PBI effectiveness.
采用随机因子设计，我们检验了简短动机干预（BMI）和基于家长的干预（PBI）作为通用预防干预措施，以减少即将进入大学的学生的饮酒量的效果。
参与者（N=1014）在入学前和基线后 10 个月和 22 个月进行评估。双部分潜在增长模型用于同时检查重度间歇性饮酒和与酒精相关后果的起始和增长。
本研究保留了 90.8%（n=921）在 10 个月随访时和 84.0%（n=852）在 22 个月随访时随机分配的学生。与非 BMI 参与者相比，BMI 参与者开始重度间歇性饮酒和开始出现与酒精相关的后果的可能性较小。10 个月时的效应大小较小（Cohen's h 范围为 0.02 至 0.07），22 个月时的效应大小较小（hs 范围为 0.15 至 0.22）。BMI x PBI 的交互作用显著表明，接受 BMI 和 PBI 的学生报告后果的发生明显低于单独干预效果的总和（10 个月时 h=0.08，22 个月时 h=0.21）。未观察到假设的 BMI 对减少重度间歇性饮酒和后果的直接影响。在重度间歇性饮酒和后果的起始和增长方面，描述性规范变化的中介效应显著。
据我们所知，本研究首次为 BMI 作为即将进入大学的学生的通用预防干预措施提供了支持。虽然没有发现假设的 PBI 主要效果，但中介分析表明，未来的改进可以提高 PBI 的有效性。
