burnout，工作条件和性别-来自瑞典北部 MONICA 研究的结果。
Burnout, working conditions and gender--results from the northern Sweden MONICA Study.
机构信息
Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2010 Jun 9;10:326. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-326.
BACKGROUND
Sick-leave because of mental and behavioural disorders has increased considerably in Sweden since the late nineties, and especially in women. The aim of this study was to assess the level of burnout in the general working population in northern Sweden and analyse it's relation to working conditions and gender.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study the survey from the MONICA-study (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) in northern Sweden 2004 was used. A burnout instrument, the Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ), was incorporated in the original survey which was sent to a random sample of 2500 individuals with a response rate of 76%. After including only actively working people, aged 25-64 years, our study population consisted of 1000 participants (497 women and 503 men). ANOVA and multiple linear regression models were used.
RESULTS
The prevalence of a high level of burnout (SMBQ >4.0) was 13%. Women had a higher level of burnout than men with the most pronounced difference in the age group 35-44 years. In both sexes the level of burnout decreased with age. Demand and control at work, and job insecurity were related to burnout. In women the level of education, socioeconomic position, work object, and working varying hours were of importance. Interaction effects were found between sex and work object, and sex and working hours. In a multiple regression analysis almost half of the gender difference could be explained by work related and life situational factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Working life conditions contributed to the level of burnout in this actively working sample from the general population in northern Sweden. Especially in women, socioeconomic position was associated with burnout. The high level of burnout in women compared to men was partly explained by more unfavourable working conditions and life situational factors. Efforts to level out gender differences in burnout should probably focus on improving both working and socioeconomic conditions for women.
背景
自 90 年代末以来，瑞典因精神和行为障碍而请病假的人数大幅增加，尤其是女性。本研究旨在评估瑞典北部普通劳动人口的倦怠水平，并分析其与工作条件和性别之间的关系。
方法
在这项横断面研究中，使用了瑞典北部 MONICA 研究（心血管疾病趋势和决定因素监测）的调查。在原始调查中纳入了 Shirom Melamed 倦怠问卷（SMBQ），该问卷被发送给一个随机抽取的 2500 人样本，应答率为 76%。在仅包括 25-64 岁的在职人员后，我们的研究人群由 1000 名参与者组成（497 名女性和 503 名男性）。采用方差分析和多元线性回归模型。
结果
高水平倦怠（SMBQ>4.0）的患病率为 13%。女性的倦怠程度高于男性，在 35-44 岁年龄组中差异最为明显。在两性中，倦怠程度随年龄增长而降低。工作中的需求和控制以及工作不安全感与倦怠有关。在女性中，教育程度、社会经济地位、工作对象和工作时间变化等因素也很重要。还发现了性别与工作对象以及性别与工作时间之间的交互效应。在多元回归分析中，近一半的性别差异可以用与工作相关和生活情况因素来解释。
结论
工作生活条件导致了瑞典北部普通劳动人口中这一积极工作样本的倦怠水平。特别是在女性中，社会经济地位与倦怠有关。与男性相比，女性的倦怠程度较高，部分原因是工作条件和生活情况因素较差。为了减少性别在倦怠方面的差异，应努力改善女性的工作和社会经济条件。
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