Cononie C C, Graves J E, Pollock M L, Phillips M I, Sumners C, Hagberg J M
Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1991 Apr;23(4):505-11.
Men and women 70-79 yr of age (N = 49) were studied to assess the effect of 6 months of resistance or endurance exercise training on their blood pressure, hemodynamic parameters, and pressor hormone levels. Resistance training consisted of one set of 8-12 repetitions on ten Nautilus machines three times per week. The endurance training group progressed to training at 75-85% VO2max for 35-45 min three times per week for the last 2 months of training. No changes in body weight or estimated lean body mass occurred; however, the sum of seven skinfolds, as an index of percent body fat, decreased in both exercise groups. Upper and lower body strength increased with resistance training, while VO2max increased by 20% in the endurance training group. Blood pressure did not change with resistance training in individuals with normal or somewhat elevated blood pressures. Diastolic and mean blood pressure decreased significantly, by 5 and 4 mm Hg, with endurance training. Subjects with blood pressure greater than 140/90 reduced their systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure by 8, 9, and 8 mm Hg, respectively, with endurance exercise training. Cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, and plasma levels of angiotensin I and II and epi- and norepinephrine did not change in any of the groups. Thus, resistance exercise training does not adversely affect, or reduce, blood pressure, while endurance exercise training produces modest reductions in blood pressure in 70-79-yr-old individuals with somewhat elevated blood pressures.
对年龄在70 - 79岁的男性和女性（N = 49）进行了研究，以评估为期6个月的抗阻训练或耐力训练对他们血压、血流动力学参数和升压激素水平的影响。抗阻训练包括每周三次在十台鹦鹉螺健身器材上进行一组8 - 12次重复动作。在训练的最后2个月，耐力训练组逐渐进展到以75 - 85%的最大摄氧量进行35 - 45分钟的训练，每周三次。体重或估计的去脂体重没有变化；然而，作为体脂百分比指标的七处皮肤褶厚度之和在两个运动组中均有所下降。抗阻训练使上、下肢力量增加，而耐力训练组的最大摄氧量增加了20%。血压正常或略有升高的个体，其血压在抗阻训练后没有变化。耐力训练使舒张压和平均血压显著下降，分别下降了5毫米汞柱和4毫米汞柱。血压大于140/90的受试者，通过耐力运动训练，其收缩压、舒张压和平均血压分别下降了8毫米汞柱、9毫米汞柱和8毫米汞柱。任何一组的心输出量、外周血管阻力以及血管紧张素I和II、肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的血浆水平均未发生变化。因此，抗阻运动训练不会对血压产生不利影响或降低血压，而耐力运动训练能使70 - 79岁血压略有升高的个体血压适度降低。
