Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Arch Biochem Biophys. 2010 Nov 1;503(1):41-53. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.05.027. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
T cells and B cells produce large amounts of cytokines which regulate bone resorption and bone formation. These factors play a critical role in the regulation of bone turnover in health and disease. In addition, immune cells of the bone marrow regulate bone homeostasis by cross-talking with bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblastic cells via cell surface molecules. These regulatory mechanisms are particularly relevant for postmenopausal osteoporosis and hyperparathyroidism, two common forms of bone loss caused primarily by an expansion of the osteoclastic pool only partially compensated by a stimulation of bone formation. This article describes the cytokines and immune factors that regulate bone cells, the immune cells relevant to bone, examines the connection between T cells and bone in health and disease, and reviews the evidence in favor of a link between T cells and the mechanism of action of estrogen and PTH in bone.
T 细胞和 B 细胞产生大量细胞因子，调节骨吸收和骨形成。这些因子在健康和疾病中调节骨转换中发挥着关键作用。此外，骨髓中的免疫细胞通过细胞表面分子与骨髓基质细胞和成骨细胞相互作用，调节骨内稳态。这些调节机制对于绝经后骨质疏松症和甲状旁腺功能亢进症这两种常见的骨丢失形式特别相关，这两种骨丢失主要是由于破骨细胞池的扩大，仅部分通过成骨刺激来补偿。本文描述了调节骨细胞的细胞因子和免疫因子、与骨相关的免疫细胞，探讨了 T 细胞与健康和疾病中骨的关系，并综述了 T 细胞与雌激素和 PTH 在骨中的作用机制之间存在联系的证据。
