Everson S A, McKey B S, Lovallo W R
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
Int J Behav Med. 1995;2(2):172-91. doi: 10.1207/s15327558ijbm0202_6.
Hostile individuals may experience more extreme and frequent episodes of anger than nonhostile persons and thus may have exaggerated physiological responses to their environments. Such responses may be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study examined cardiovascular responses of 24 low- versus 21 high-hostile young men to a mental arithmetic task administered with and without provocation in 2 x 2 (groups x Tasks) repeated measure design. hostility classifications were based on weighted interview ratings of Potential for Hostility. As predicted, high-hostile men showed differentially greater heart rate, blood pressure, and rate-pressure product changes only in response to the task administered with harassment (ps < .05). Similarly, high-hostile men reported more distress, tenseness, irritation, and greater concentration during the harassing task, compared to low-hostile men (ps < .05). Also, the harassing task elicited greater increases in vascular resistance and greater increases in stroke volume for all subjects, relative to the neutral task (ps < .003). Results suggest that hostile persons faced with anger evoking situations may produce a constellation of exaggerated cognitive-emotional and cardiovascular responses consistent with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
与非敌对者相比，敌对的个体可能会经历更极端、更频繁的愤怒发作，因此可能对其周围环境产生过度的生理反应。这种反应可能与心血管疾病风险增加有关。本研究采用2×2（组×任务）重复测量设计，考察了24名低敌对性和21名高敌对性年轻男性在有或无挑衅情况下执行心算任务时的心血管反应。敌对性分类基于敌意可能性的加权访谈评分。正如预期的那样，高敌对性男性仅在应对伴有骚扰的任务时，心率、血压和心率-血压乘积的变化有显著差异（p<0.05）。同样，与低敌对性男性相比，高敌对性男性在骚扰任务期间报告有更多的痛苦、紧张、恼怒和更高的注意力集中程度（p<0.05）。此外，相对于中性任务，骚扰任务使所有受试者的血管阻力增加更多，每搏输出量增加更多（p<0.003）。结果表明，面临愤怒诱发情境的敌对者可能会产生一系列过度的认知-情绪和心血管反应，这与心血管疾病风险增加相一致。
