Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;24(3):769-89. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2010.04.008.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are generally hardy, ubiquitous environmental bacteria that vary in geographic distribution and pulmonary pathogenicity. Relatively few of the more than 115 species of NTM have been associated with lung disease. Diagnosis of disease due to NTM relies on a combination of clinical, imaging, and microbiologic data. Because NTM may present as acid-fast bacilli in respiratory secretions of patients with clinical and radiologic features that mimic tuberculosis, laboratory discrimination of NTM from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a priority. This discrimination is now often rapidly achievable using molecular techniques, although some tests have limited sensitivity. NTM species have different antibiotic response patterns, and success with medical treatment alone varies. Macrolides are an essential component of therapy for many species but must be combined with other drugs.
非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）通常是坚韧的、无处不在的环境细菌，其地理分布和肺部致病性存在差异。在 115 多种 NTM 中，相对较少的几种与肺部疾病有关。NTM 引起的疾病的诊断依赖于临床、影像学和微生物学数据的综合。由于 NTM 可能在具有类似结核病的临床和影像学特征的患者的呼吸道分泌物中呈现抗酸杆菌，因此实验室将 NTM 与结核分枝杆菌区分开来是当务之急。虽然某些检测方法的灵敏度有限，但现在通常可以使用分子技术快速实现这种区分。NTM 物种具有不同的抗生素反应模式，单独使用药物治疗的成功率也不同。大环内酯类药物是许多物种治疗的重要组成部分，但必须与其他药物联合使用。
