Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2011 Jan;35(1):201-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00244.x.
Members of the genus Bacillus are known to produce a wide arsenal of antimicrobial substances, including peptide and lipopeptide antibiotics, and bacteriocins. Many of the Bacillus bacteriocins belong to the lantibiotics, a category of post-translationally modified peptides widely disseminated among different bacterial clades. Lantibiotics are among the best-characterized antimicrobial peptides at the levels of peptide structure, genetic determinants and biosynthesis mechanisms. Members of the genus Bacillus also produce many other nonmodified bacteriocins, some of which resemble the pediocin-like bacteriocins of the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), while others show completely novel peptide sequences. Bacillus bacteriocins are increasingly becoming more important due to their sometimes broader spectra of inhibition (as compared with most LAB bacteriocins), which may include Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts or fungi, in addition to Gram-positive species, some of which are known to be pathogenic to humans and/or animals. The present review provides a general overview of Bacillus bacteriocins, including primary structure, biochemical and genetic characterization, classification and potential applications in food preservation as natural preservatives and in human and animal health as alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Furthermore, it addresses their environmental applications, such as bioprotection against the pre- and post-harvest decay of vegetables, or as plant growth promoters.
芽孢杆菌属的成员已知能产生广泛的抗菌物质，包括肽和脂肽抗生素和细菌素。许多芽孢杆菌细菌素属于类细菌素，这是一类广泛存在于不同细菌类群中的经翻译后修饰的肽。类细菌素是在肽结构、遗传决定因素和生物合成机制方面研究得最多的抗菌肽之一。芽孢杆菌属的成员还产生许多其他未修饰的细菌素，其中一些类似于乳酸菌（LAB）的肠球菌素样细菌素，而另一些则显示出完全新颖的肽序列。由于芽孢杆菌细菌素的抑制谱有时更宽（与大多数 LAB 细菌素相比），因此它们变得越来越重要，其抑制谱除了革兰氏阳性物种外，还可能包括革兰氏阴性细菌、酵母或真菌，其中一些被认为对人类和/或动物具有致病性。本综述概述了芽孢杆菌细菌素，包括其一级结构、生化和遗传特征、分类以及作为天然防腐剂在食品保存中的潜在应用，以及作为传统抗生素替代品在人类和动物健康中的潜在应用。此外，它还讨论了它们在环境中的应用，如在蔬菜的采前和采后腐烂中的生物保护，或作为植物生长促进剂。
