Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2010 Oct 28;132(1):200-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.013. Epub 2010 Aug 14.
Olive (Olea europaea) leaves are used as anti-rheumatic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antipyretic, vasodilatory, hypotensive, antidiuretic and hypoglycemic agents in traditional medicine. Recently, it has been shown that olive leaf extract (OLE) has calcium channel blocker property; however, its influences on nociceptive threshold and morphine effects have not yet been clarified.
All experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats. The tail-flick, hot-plate and formalin tests were used to assess the effect of OLE on nociceptive threshold. To determine the effect of OLE on analgesic and hyperalgesic effects of morphine, OLE (6, 12 and 25 mg/kg i.p.) that had no significant nociceptive effect, was injected concomitant with morphine (5 mg/kg and 1 μg/kg i.p., respectively). The tail-flick test was used to assess the effect of OLE on anti- and pro-nociceptive effects of morphine.
The data showed that OLE (50-200 mg/kg i.p.) could produce dose-dependent analgesic effect on tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Administration of 200 mg/kg OLE (i.p.) caused significant decrease in pain responses in the first and the second phases of formalin test. In addition, OLE could potentiate the antinociceptive effect of 5 mg/kg morphine and block low-dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia.
Our results indicate that olive leaf extract has analgesic property in several models of pain and useful influence on morphine analgesia in rats. Therefore, it can be used for the treatment and/or management of painful conditions.
橄榄（Olea europaea）叶在传统医学中被用作抗风湿、抗炎、镇痛、解热、血管扩张、降压、利尿和降血糖药物。最近，已经表明橄榄叶提取物（OLE）具有钙通道阻滞剂的特性；然而，其对疼痛阈值和吗啡作用的影响尚未阐明。
所有实验均在雄性 Wistar 大鼠上进行。使用尾巴闪烁、热板和福尔马林试验来评估 OLE 对疼痛阈值的影响。为了确定 OLE 对吗啡的镇痛和痛觉过敏效应的影响，OLE（6、12 和 25 mg/kg 腹腔注射）没有明显的镇痛作用，与吗啡（5 mg/kg 和 1 μg/kg 腹腔注射，分别）同时注射。尾巴闪烁试验用于评估 OLE 对吗啡的抗和促痛觉过敏作用的影响。
数据表明，OLE（50-200 mg/kg 腹腔注射）可在尾巴闪烁和热板试验中产生剂量依赖性的镇痛作用。给予 200 mg/kg OLE（腹腔注射）可显著减少福尔马林试验第一和第二阶段的疼痛反应。此外，OLE 可增强 5 mg/kg 吗啡的镇痛作用，并阻断低剂量吗啡引起的痛觉过敏。
我们的结果表明，橄榄叶提取物在几种疼痛模型中具有镇痛作用，并对大鼠吗啡镇痛有有益的影响。因此，它可用于治疗和/或管理疼痛状况。
