Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Circulation. 2010 Aug 31;122(9):876-83. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.915165. Epub 2010 Aug 16.
With the exception of fish, few major dietary protein sources have been studied in relation to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our objective was to examine the relation between foods that are major dietary protein sources and incident CHD.
We prospectively followed 84,136 women aged 30 to 55 years in the Nurses' Health Study with no known cancer, diabetes mellitus, angina, myocardial infarction, stroke, or other cardiovascular disease. Diet was assessed by a standardized and validated questionnaire and updated every 4 years. During 26 years of follow-up, we documented 2210 incident nonfatal infarctions and 952 deaths from CHD. In multivariable analyses including age, smoking, and other risk factors, higher intakes of red meat, red meat excluding processed meat, and high-fat dairy were significantly associated with elevated risk of CHD. Higher intakes of poultry, fish, and nuts were significantly associated with lower risk. In a model controlling statistically for energy intake, 1 serving per day of nuts was associated with a 30% (95% confidence interval, 17% to 42%) lower risk of CHD compared with 1 serving per day of red meat. Similarly, compared with 1 serving per day of red meat, a lower risk was associated with 1 serving per day of low-fat dairy (13%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 19%), poultry (19%; 95% confidence interval, 3% to 33%), and fish (24%; 95% confidence interval, 6% to 39%).
These data suggest that high red meat intake increases risk of CHD and that CHD risk may be reduced importantly by shifting sources of protein in the US diet.
除了鱼类之外，很少有主要的膳食蛋白质来源被研究与冠心病（CHD）的发展有关。我们的目的是研究主要的膳食蛋白质来源的食物与冠心病发病之间的关系。
我们前瞻性地随访了 84136 名年龄在 30 至 55 岁之间的护士健康研究中的女性，这些女性没有已知的癌症、糖尿病、心绞痛、心肌梗死、中风或其他心血管疾病。通过标准化和验证的问卷评估饮食，并每 4 年更新一次。在 26 年的随访期间，我们记录了 2210 例非致命性梗死和 952 例冠心病死亡事件。在包括年龄、吸烟和其他危险因素在内的多变量分析中，较高的红肉、不含加工肉的红肉和高脂肪乳制品摄入量与冠心病风险增加显著相关。较高的家禽、鱼类和坚果摄入量与较低的风险显著相关。在一个通过统计学控制能量摄入的模型中，与每天 1 份红肉相比，每天 1 份坚果与 CHD 风险降低 30%（95%置信区间，17%至 42%）相关。同样，与每天 1 份红肉相比，每天 1 份低脂乳制品（13%；95%置信区间，6%至 19%）、家禽（19%；95%置信区间，3%至 33%）和鱼类（24%；95%置信区间，6%至 39%）与较低的风险相关。
这些数据表明，高红肉摄入量增加了冠心病的风险，通过改变美国饮食中的蛋白质来源，冠心病风险可能会显著降低。
