Department of Psychiatry, Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2010 Nov;16(6):1064-76. doi: 10.1017/S1355617710000895. Epub 2010 Aug 19.
The Stop Signal Task (SST) is a measure that has been used widely to assess response inhibition. We conducted a meta-analysis of studies that examined SST performance in patients with various psychiatric disorders to determine the magnitude and generality of deficient inhibition. A five-item instrument was used to assess the methodological quality of studies. We found medium deficits in stop signal reaction time (SSRT), reflecting the speed of the inhibitory process, for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (g = 0.62), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) (g = 0.77) and schizophrenia (SCZ) (g = 0.69). SSRT was less impaired or normal for anxiety disorder (ANX), autism, major depressive disorder (MDD), oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD), pathological gambling, reading disability (RD), substance dependence, and Tourette syndrome. We observed a large SSRT deficit for comorbid ADHD + RD (g = 0.82). SSRT was less than moderately impaired for ADHD + ANX and ADHD + ODD/CD. Study quality did not significantly affect SSRT across ADHD studies. This confirms an inhibition deficit in ADHD, and suggests that comorbid ADHD has different effects on inhibition in patients with ANX, ODD/CD, and RD. Further studies are needed to firmly establish an inhibition deficit in OCD and SCZ.
停止信号任务（SST）是一种广泛用于评估反应抑制的测量方法。我们对检查各种精神障碍患者 SST 表现的研究进行了荟萃分析，以确定抑制不足的程度和普遍性。使用了一个五项工具来评估研究的方法学质量。我们发现注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）（g = 0.62）、强迫症（OCD）（g = 0.77）和精神分裂症（SCZ）（g = 0.69）的停止信号反应时（SSRT）存在中等缺陷，反映了抑制过程的速度。对于焦虑障碍（ANX）、自闭症、重度抑郁症（MDD）、对立违抗性障碍/品行障碍（ODD/CD）、病理性赌博、阅读障碍（RD）、物质依赖和妥瑞氏综合征，SSRT 受损较小或正常。我们观察到 ADHD + RD 共病的 SSRT 存在较大缺陷（g = 0.82）。对于 ADHD + ANX 和 ADHD + ODD/CD，SSRT 受损小于中度。研究质量并未对 ADHD 研究中的 SSRT 产生显著影响。这证实了 ADHD 存在抑制缺陷，并表明 ADHD 共病对 ANX、ODD/CD 和 RD 患者的抑制有不同的影响。需要进一步的研究来确定 OCD 和 SCZ 是否存在抑制缺陷。
