Center for Adaptive Behavior and Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
J Gen Intern Med. 2010 Dec;25(12):1323-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-010-1484-9. Epub 2010 Aug 25.
Patients must be informed about risks before any treatment can be implemented. Yet serious problems in communicating these risks occur because of framing effects.
To investigate the effects of different information frames when communicating health risks to people with high and low numeracy and determine whether these effects can be countered or eliminated by using different types of visual displays (i.e., icon arrays, horizontal bars, vertical bars, or pies).
Experiment on probabilistic, nationally representative US (n = 492) and German (n = 495) samples, conducted in summer 2008.
Participants' risk perceptions of the medical risk expressed in positive (i.e., chances of surviving after surgery) and negative (i.e., chances of dying after surgery) terms.
Although low-numeracy people are more susceptible to framing than those with high numeracy, use of visual aids is an effective method to eliminate its effects. However, not all visual aids were equally effective: pie charts and vertical and horizontal bars almost completely removed the effect of framing. Icon arrays, however, led to a smaller decrease in the framing effect.
Difficulties with understanding numerical information often do not reside in the mind, but in the representation of the problem.
在实施任何治疗之前，必须告知患者有关风险。然而，由于框架效应，在沟通这些风险时会出现严重的问题。
研究在向高、低算数能力的人群传达健康风险时，不同信息框架的影响，并确定通过使用不同类型的视觉显示（即图标数组、水平条、垂直条或饼图）是否可以抵消或消除这些影响。
在 2008 年夏季，对具有概率代表性的美国（n=492）和德国（n=495）样本进行了实验。
参与者对医疗风险的风险感知，以正面（即手术后存活的机会）和负面（即手术后死亡的机会）术语表示。
尽管低算数能力的人比高算数能力的人更容易受到框架效应的影响，但使用视觉辅助工具是消除其影响的有效方法。然而，并非所有的视觉辅助工具都同样有效：饼图和垂直条和水平条几乎完全消除了框架效应。然而，图标数组导致框架效应的减少较小。
理解数字信息的困难通常不在于思维，而在于问题的表示。
