Center of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
Microbiology (Reading). 2010 Nov;156(Pt 11):3282-3287. doi: 10.1099/mic.0.043174-0. Epub 2010 Sep 16.
The oral microbiota plays an important role in buccal health and in diseases such as periodontitis and meningitis. The study of the human oral bacteria has so far focused on subjects from Western societies, while little is known about subjects from isolated communities. This work determined the composition of the oral mucosa microbiota from six Amazon Amerindians, and tested a sample preservation alternative to freezing. Paired oral swabs were taken from six adults of Guahibo ethnicity living in the community of Platanillal, Amazonas State, Venezuela. Replicate swabs were preserved in liquid nitrogen and in Aware Messenger fluid (Calypte). Buccal DNA was extracted, and the V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and pyrosequenced. A total of 17 214 oral bacterial sequences were obtained from the six subjects; these were binned into 1034 OTUs from 10 phyla, 30 families and 51 genera. The oral mucosa was highly dominated by four phyla: Firmicutes (mostly the genera Streptococcus and Veillonella), Proteobacteria (mostly Neisseria), Bacterioidetes (Prevotella) and Actinobacteria (Micrococcineae). Although the microbiota were similar at the phylum level, the Amerindians shared only 62 % of the families and 23 % of the genera with non-Amerindians from previous studies, and had a lower richness of genera (51 vs 177 reported in non-Amerindians). The Amerindians carried unidentified members of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria and their microbiota included soil bacteria Gp1 (Acidobacteriaceae) and Xylanibacter (Prevotellaceae), and the rare genus Phocoenobacter (Pasteurellaceae). Preserving buccal swabs in the Aware Messenger oral fluid collection device substantially altered the bacterial composition in comparison to freezing, and therefore this method cannot be used to preserve samples for the study of microbial communities.
口腔微生物群在口腔健康以及牙周炎和脑膜炎等疾病中发挥着重要作用。目前对人类口腔细菌的研究主要集中在西方社会的人群上，而对来自与世隔绝社区的人群知之甚少。本研究旨在确定来自 6 位亚马逊美洲原住民口腔黏膜微生物群的组成，并测试一种替代冷冻的样本保存方法。从居住在委内瑞拉亚马逊州 Platanillal 社区的 6 位瓜希沃族成年人身上采集成对的口腔拭子。将重复拭子分别保存在液态氮中和 Aware信使液体（Calypte）中。提取口腔 DNA，扩增和焦磷酸测序 V2 区 16S rRNA 基因。从 6 位受试者中获得了 17214 个口腔细菌序列，这些序列被分为 1034 个 OTU，来自 10 个门、30 个科和 51 个属。口腔黏膜主要由 4 个门的细菌组成：厚壁菌门（主要是链球菌属和韦荣球菌属）、变形菌门（主要是奈瑟菌属）、拟杆菌门（普雷沃氏菌属）和放线菌门（微球菌科）。尽管在门水平上微生物群相似，但美洲原住民与之前研究中的非美洲原住民仅共享 62%的科和 23%的属，并且属的丰富度较低（美洲原住民为 51 个，而非美洲原住民为 177 个）。美洲原住民携带未鉴定的拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门的成员，其微生物群包括土壤细菌 Gp1（酸杆菌科）和木聚糖菌（普雷沃氏菌科），以及罕见的属 Phocoenobacter（巴斯德氏菌科）。与冷冻相比，将口腔拭子保存在 Aware Messenger 口腔液体采集装置中会显著改变细菌组成，因此该方法不能用于保存用于研究微生物群落的样本。
