孕期父母吸烟与 10 岁后代骨量的关系：一项前瞻性出生队列研究的结果。
Parental smoking during pregnancy and offspring bone mass at age 10 years: findings from a prospective birth cohort.
机构信息
MRC Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
出版信息
Osteoporos Int. 2011 Jun;22(6):1809-19. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1415-y. Epub 2010 Oct 22.
UNLABELLED
We investigated an intrauterine influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on childhood bone mass. Daughters, but not sons, of mothers who smoked had higher bone mass at age 10years. This appears to be due to familial factors related to parental smoking influencing increased offspring adiposity rather than a direct intrauterine effect.
INTRODUCTION
Neonatal studies have demonstrated an adverse relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and foetal bone mineral accrual. We aimed to investigate an intrauterine influence of maternal smoking during pregnancy on offspring bone mass at mean age 9.9 years.
METHODS
We compared associations of maternal and paternal smoking in pregnancy with offspring total body less head (TBLH) and spine bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), bone mineral density (BMD) and area-adjusted BMC (ABMC) in 7,121 children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.
RESULTS
Maternal smoking in any trimester was associated with increased TBLH BMC, BA and BMD in girls (mean difference [95% CI] (sex-specific SD scores), 0.13 [0.05-0.22], 0.13 [0.04-0.21], 0.13 [0.04-0.22], respectively) but not boys (0.01 [-0.07-0.09], 0.00 [-0.08-0.08], 0.04 [-0.05-0.12]), and also with spine BMC, BA and BMD in girls (0.13 [0.03-0.23], 0.12 [0.03-0.22], 0.10 [0.00-0.21]) but not boys (0.03 [-0.06-0.12], 0.00 [-0.09-0.09], 0.05 [-0.04-0.14]), but not with ABMC. Paternal smoking associations were similar, with no statistical evidence for a difference between maternal and paternal effects. Maternal associations increased on adjustment for offspring birth weight and gestational age, but attenuated to the null after adjustment for current height and weight.
CONCLUSIONS
We found little evidence that maternal smoking was related to bone mass in boys. In girls, maternal smoking associations were similar to those of paternal smoking, suggesting that these were attributable to shared familial characteristics, not intrauterine mechanisms.
未加标签
我们研究了母亲在怀孕期间吸烟对儿童骨骼质量的宫内影响。母亲吸烟的女儿，而不是儿子，在 10 岁时骨量更高。这似乎是由于与父母吸烟有关的家族因素导致后代肥胖增加，而不是宫内直接影响。
引言
新生儿研究表明，母亲在怀孕期间吸烟与胎儿骨矿物质积累之间存在不良关系。我们旨在研究母亲在怀孕期间吸烟对子女 9.9 岁时的骨量的宫内影响。
方法
我们比较了母亲和父亲在怀孕期间吸烟与 7121 名阿冯纵向研究父母和孩子的子女总身体（TBLH）和脊柱骨矿物质含量（BMC）、骨面积（BA）、骨矿物质密度（BMD）和面积校正 BMC（ABMC）的关联。
结果
任何孕期的母亲吸烟都与女孩的 TBLH BMC、BA 和 BMD 增加有关（性别特异性 SD 评分的平均差异[95%CI]），分别为 0.13[0.05-0.22]、0.13[0.04-0.21]、0.13[0.04-0.22]），但与男孩无关（0.01[-0.07-0.09]、0.00[-0.08-0.08]、0.04[-0.05-0.12]），也与女孩的脊柱 BMC、BA 和 BMD 有关（0.13[0.03-0.23]、0.12[0.03-0.22]、0.10[0.00-0.21]），但与男孩无关（0.03[-0.06-0.12]、0.00[-0.09-0.09]、0.05[-0.04-0.14]），但与 ABMC 无关。父亲吸烟的相关性相似，没有统计学证据表明母亲和父亲的影响之间存在差异。在调整后代出生体重和胎龄后，母亲的相关性增加，但在调整当前身高和体重后，相关性减弱至零。
结论
我们几乎没有证据表明母亲吸烟与男孩的骨量有关。在女孩中，母亲吸烟的相关性与父亲吸烟的相关性相似，这表明这些相关性归因于共同的家族特征，而不是宫内机制。
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