Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
Nanoscale. 2011 Feb;3(2):335-53. doi: 10.1039/c0nr00485e. Epub 2010 Oct 26.
Evidence that nanoscale surface properties stimulate and guide various molecular and biological processes at the implant/tissue interface is fostering a new trend in designing implantable metals. Cutting-edge expertise and techniques drawn from widely separated fields, such as nanotechnology, materials engineering and biology, have been advantageously exploited to nanoengineer surfaces in ways that control and direct these processes in predictable manners. In this review, we present and discuss the state-of-the-art of nanotechnology-based approaches currently adopted to modify the surface of metals used for orthopedic and dental applications, and also briefly consider their use in the cardiovascular field. The effects of nanoengineered surfaces on various in vitro molecular and cellular events are firstly discussed. This review also provides an overview of in vivo and clinical studies with nanostructured metallic implants, and addresses the potential influence of nanotopography on biomechanical events at interfaces. Ultimately, the objective of this work is to give the readership a comprehensive picture of the current advances, future developments and challenges in the application of the infinitesimally small to biomedical surface science. We believe that an integrated understanding of the in vitro and particularly of the in vivo behavior is mandatory for the proper exploitation of nanostructured implantable metals and, indeed, of all biomaterials.
有证据表明，纳米级表面特性可刺激和引导植入物/组织界面处的各种分子和生物过程，这推动了设计可植入金属的新趋势。从纳米技术、材料工程和生物学等广泛分离的领域中汲取的尖端专业知识和技术，已被有利地利用来对表面进行纳米工程处理，从而以可预测的方式控制和引导这些过程。在这篇综述中，我们介绍并讨论了目前用于修饰骨科和牙科应用金属表面的基于纳米技术的方法的最新进展，并简要考虑了它们在心血管领域的应用。首先讨论了纳米工程表面对各种体外分子和细胞事件的影响。本文还概述了具有纳米结构金属植入物的体内和临床研究，并探讨了纳米形貌对界面生物力学事件的潜在影响。最终，这项工作的目的是为读者提供一个关于将微小尺寸应用于生物医学表面科学的当前进展、未来发展和挑战的全面概述。我们相信，对于纳米结构可植入金属的合理利用，以及对于所有生物材料，对体外，特别是体内行为的综合理解是强制性的。
