School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Oct;20 Suppl 3:95-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01214.x.
Endurance performance is impaired in the heat, and a combination of high temperature and high humidity presents a major challenge to the elite marathon runner, who must sustain a high metabolic rate throughout the race. The optimum temperature for marathon performance is generally about 10-12 °C. The optimum temperature may be lower for faster runners than for slower runners. Sweat evaporation limits the rise in core temperature, but dehydration will impair cardiovascular function, leading to a fall in blood flow to muscle, skin and other tissues. There is growing evidence that the effects of high ambient temperature and dehydration on performance of exercise may be mediated by effects on the central nervous system. This seems to involve serotonergic and dopaminergic functions.
耐力表现会在高温下受到影响，高温和高湿度的结合对马拉松精英运动员来说是一个重大挑战，他们必须在比赛全程保持高代谢率。马拉松表现的最佳温度通常约为 10-12°C。对于更快的跑步者来说，最佳温度可能会更低。汗水蒸发会限制核心温度的上升，但脱水会损害心血管功能，导致流向肌肉、皮肤和其他组织的血液减少。越来越多的证据表明，高温环境和脱水对运动表现的影响可能是通过对中枢神经系统的影响来介导的。这似乎涉及 5-羟色胺能和多巴胺能功能。
