INSERM, U872, équipe 7 Nutriomique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, UMR S 872, Paris, 75006 France.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010 Nov 4;7:82. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-82.
This paper reviews evidence in the context of current research linking dietary fructose to health risk markers.Fructose intake has recently received considerable media attention, most of which has been negative. The assertion has been that dietary fructose is less satiating and more lipogenic than other sugars. However, no fully relevant data have been presented to account for a direct link between dietary fructose intake and health risk markers such as obesity, triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance in humans. First: a re-evaluation of published epidemiological studies concerning the consumption of dietary fructose or mainly high fructose corn syrup shows that most of such studies have been cross-sectional or based on passive inaccurate surveillance, especially in children and adolescents, and thus have not established direct causal links. Second: research evidence of the short or acute term satiating power or increasing food intake after fructose consumption as compared to that resulting from normal patterns of sugar consumption, such as sucrose, remains inconclusive. Third: the results of longer-term intervention studies depend mainly on the type of sugar used for comparison. Typically aspartame, glucose, or sucrose is used and no negative effects are found when sucrose is used as a control group.Negative conclusions have been drawn from studies in rodents or in humans attempting to elucidate the mechanisms and biological pathways underlying fructose consumption by using unrealistically high fructose amounts.The issue of dietary fructose and health is linked to the quantity consumed, which is the same issue for any macro- or micro nutrients. It has been considered that moderate fructose consumption of ≤50g/day or ~10% of energy has no deleterious effect on lipid and glucose control and of ≤100g/day does not influence body weight. No fully relevant data account for a direct link between moderate dietary fructose intake and health risk markers.
本文综述了目前有关饮食果糖与健康风险标志物关系的研究证据。最近，饮食果糖受到了媒体的广泛关注，其中大部分都是负面的。有观点认为，与其他糖相比，饮食果糖的饱腹感更低，更能促进脂肪生成。然而，并没有充分的相关数据来解释饮食果糖摄入量与肥胖、甘油三酯积累和人类胰岛素抵抗等健康风险标志物之间的直接联系。首先，重新评估了关于饮食果糖或主要是高果糖玉米糖浆消耗的已发表的流行病学研究，表明大多数此类研究都是横断面研究或基于被动不准确的监测，尤其是在儿童和青少年中，因此并未建立直接的因果关系。其次，与正常糖消耗模式（如蔗糖）相比，果糖摄入后短期或急性的饱腹感或增加食物摄入的研究证据仍不确定。第三，长期干预研究的结果主要取决于用于比较的糖的类型。通常使用阿斯巴甜、葡萄糖或蔗糖，当使用蔗糖作为对照组时，不会发现任何负面影响。从试图阐明果糖摄入的机制和生物学途径的啮齿动物或人类研究中得出了负面结论，这些研究使用了不切实际的高果糖量。饮食果糖与健康的问题与所消耗的数量有关，这与任何宏量或微量营养素的问题相同。有人认为，每天≤50 克或约 10%的能量的适量果糖摄入对脂质和葡萄糖控制没有不良影响，每天≤100 克的果糖摄入不会影响体重。没有充分的相关数据来解释适量饮食果糖摄入与健康风险标志物之间的直接联系。
