Gregory Kevin B, Winn William, Johnson Kent, Rosekind Mark R
Alertness Solutions, Cupertino, CA, USA.
Air Med J. 2010 Nov-Dec;29(6):309-19. doi: 10.1016/j.amj.2010.07.002.
Humans confront significant physiological challenges with sleep and alertness when working in 24/7 operations.
A web-based national survey of air medical pilots examined issues relevant to fatigue and sleep management.
Six hundred ninety-seven responses were received, with a majority of rotor wing pilots working 3/3/7 and 7/7 duty schedules. Over 84% of the pilots reported that fatigue had affected their flight performance; less than 28% reported "nodding off" during flight. More than 90% reported a separate work site "rest" room with a bed available. Over 90% reported no company policies restricting on-duty sleep. Approximately half of the pilots reported getting 4 hours or more sleep during a typical night shift. Approximately half reported that sleep inertia had never compromised flight safety. Over 90% reported that it was better to sleep during the night and overcome sleep inertia if necessary.
Survey results reflected practices that can mitigate the degrading effects of fatigue, including the availability of designated work-site sleep rooms. As demands continue to evolve, the need remains for sustained efforts to address fatigue-related risks in the air medical transport industry. This includes further study of sleep inertia issues and the need for alertness management programs.
在全天候运行的工作中，人类在睡眠和警觉性方面面临重大生理挑战。
一项针对航空医疗飞行员的全国性网络调查研究了与疲劳和睡眠管理相关的问题。
共收到697份回复，大多数旋翼机飞行员采用3/3/7和7/7值班表。超过84%的飞行员报告称疲劳影响了他们的飞行表现；不到28%的人报告在飞行过程中“打瞌睡”。超过90%的人报告有一个配有床的独立工作场所“休息”室。超过90%的人报告公司没有限制值班时睡觉的政策。大约一半的飞行员报告说在典型的夜班期间能睡4个小时或更长时间。大约一半的人报告说睡眠惯性从未危及飞行安全。超过90%的人报告说最好在夜间睡觉，并在必要时克服睡眠惯性。
调查结果反映了一些可以减轻疲劳不良影响的做法，包括提供指定的工作场所睡眠室。随着需求不断演变，航空医疗运输行业仍需要持续努力应对与疲劳相关的风险。这包括进一步研究睡眠惯性问题以及对警觉性管理计划的需求。
