Salverda Anne Pier, Brown Meredith, Tanenhaus Michael K
University of Rochester, Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011 Jun;137(2):172-80. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2010.09.010. Epub 2010 Nov 10.
There is an emerging literature on visual search in natural tasks suggesting that task-relevant goals account for a remarkably high proportion of saccades, including anticipatory eye movements. Moreover, factors such as "visual saliency" that otherwise affect fixations become less important when they are bound to objects that are not relevant to the task at hand. We briefly review this literature and discuss the implications for task-based variants of the visual world paradigm. We argue that the results and their likely interpretation may profoundly affect the "linking hypothesis" between language processing and the location and timing of fixations in task-based visual world studies. We outline a goal-based linking hypothesis and discuss some of the implications for how we conduct visual world studies, including how we interpret and analyze the data. Finally, we outline some avenues of research, including examples of some classes of experiments that might prove fruitful for evaluating the effects of goals in visual world experiments and the viability of a goal-based linking hypothesis.
关于自然任务中视觉搜索的文献不断涌现，表明与任务相关的目标在扫视（包括预期眼动）中占比极高。此外，诸如“视觉显著性”等原本会影响注视的因素，当它们与手头任务无关的对象相关联时，其重要性就会降低。我们简要回顾这一文献，并讨论其对基于任务的视觉世界范式变体的影响。我们认为，这些结果及其可能的解释可能会深刻影响基于任务的视觉世界研究中语言处理与注视位置和时间之间的“关联假设”。我们概述了一个基于目标的关联假设，并讨论了其对我们进行视觉世界研究的一些影响，包括我们如何解释和分析数据。最后，我们概述了一些研究途径，包括某些类型的实验示例，这些实验可能有助于评估目标在视觉世界实验中的作用以及基于目标的关联假设的可行性。
