Department of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2011 Feb;13(1):31-6. doi: 10.1007/s11920-010-0163-1.
This article reviews recent articles relevant to tinnitus-related distress (TRD). Recent studies provide evidence that 1) chronic tinnitus, which occurs in a significant percentage of adults, has stress-inducing effects similar to those of other chronic health problems; 2) the effects of tinnitus on distress are worse in individuals who have certain personality characteristics, such as type D personality and anxiety sensitivity; 3) neural activity in TRD is similar to that for pain and depression; 4) tinnitus leads to less distress in individuals who accept their condition; and 5) cognitive-behavioral treatments, including relaxation training, attention-control training, and acceptance activities, tend to reduce TRD. The recent findings suggest that it would be good practice for mental health professionals to ask patients, especially older patients, about tinnitus and to offer psychological treatment for TRD in appropriate cases. Future research on TRD might explore the extent to which the problem is genetic and the possibility of preventing TRD in individuals who have recently developed persistent tinnitus.
本文回顾了与耳鸣相关的困扰（TRD）相关的近期文章。最近的研究提供了证据，表明 1）慢性耳鸣，发生在相当大比例的成年人中，具有与其他慢性健康问题相似的应激诱导作用；2）在具有某些个性特征（如 D 型人格和焦虑敏感）的个体中，耳鸣对困扰的影响更严重；3）TRD 的神经活动与疼痛和抑郁相似；4）接受自身状况的个体，耳鸣引起的困扰较小；5）认知行为治疗，包括放松训练、注意力控制训练和接受活动，往往会减轻 TRD。最近的发现表明，心理健康专业人员询问患者，特别是老年患者是否有耳鸣，并在适当的情况下为 TRD 提供心理治疗，这将是很好的做法。未来关于 TRD 的研究可能会探讨该问题在多大程度上是遗传的，以及在最近出现持续性耳鸣的个体中预防 TRD 的可能性。
