Department of Surgery (Prevention and Control), Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8100, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
J Behav Med. 2011 Jun;34(3):225-35. doi: 10.1007/s10865-010-9303-7. Epub 2010 Nov 26.
Unrealistically optimistic or pessimistic risk perceptions may be associated with maladaptive health behaviors. This study characterized factors associated with unrealistic optimism (UO) and unrealistic pessimism (UP) about breast cancer. Data from the 2005 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed (N = 14,426 women). After accounting for objective risk status, many (43.8%) women displayed UO, 12.3% displayed UP, 34.5% had accurate risk perceptions (their perceived risk matched their calculated risk), and 9.5% indicated "don't know/no response." Multivariate multinomial logistic regression indicated that UO was associated with higher education and never smoking. UP was associated with lower education, lower income, being non-Hispanic Black, having ≥3 comorbidities, current smoking, and being overweight. UO was more likely to emerge in younger and older than in middle-aged individuals. UO and UP are associated with different demographic, health, and behavioral characteristics. Population segments that are already vulnerable to negative health outcomes displayed more UP than less vulnerable populations.
不切实际的乐观或悲观的风险感知可能与不良的健康行为有关。本研究描述了与乳腺癌不切实际的乐观（UO）和不切实际的悲观（UP）相关的因素。对 2005 年全国健康访谈调查的数据进行了分析（N=14426 名女性）。在考虑到客观风险状况后，许多（43.8%）女性表现出 UO，12.3%表现出 UP，34.5%有准确的风险感知（她们的感知风险与计算的风险相匹配），9.5%表示“不知道/无反应”。多变量多项逻辑回归表明，UO 与较高的教育程度和从不吸烟有关。UP 与较低的教育程度、较低的收入、非西班牙裔黑人、有≥3 种合并症、当前吸烟和超重有关。UO 更可能出现在年轻和年老的个体中，而不是中年个体中。UO 和 UP 与不同的人口统计学、健康和行为特征有关。已经容易受到负面健康结果影响的人群比不太脆弱的人群表现出更多的 UP。
