University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011 Aug;469(8):2160-9. doi: 10.1007/s11999-010-1692-y.
Progress in the diagnosis and prediction of fragility fractures depends on improvements to the understating of the compositional contributors of bone quality to mechanical competence. Raman spectroscopy has been used to evaluate alterations to bone composition associated with aging, disease, or injury.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: In this survey we will (1) review the use of Raman-based compositional measures of bone quality, including mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, collagen quality, and crystallinity; (2) review literature correlating Raman spectra with biomechanical and other physiochemical measurements and with bone health; and (3) discuss prospects for ex vivo and in vivo human subject measurements.
ISI Web of Science was searched for references to bone Raman spectroscopy in peer-reviewed journals. Papers from other topics have been excluded from this review, including those on pharmaceutical topics, dental tissue, tissue engineering, stem cells, and implant integration.
Raman spectra have been reported for human and animal bone as a function of age, biomechanical status, pathology, and other quality parameters. Current literature supports the use of mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate-to-phosphate ratio, and mineral crystallinity as measures of bone quality. Discrepancies between reports arise from the use of band intensity ratios rather than true composition ratios, primarily as a result of differing collagen band selections.
Raman spectroscopy shows promise for evaluating the compositional contributors of bone quality in ex vivo specimens, although further validation is still needed. Methodology for noninvasive in vivo assessments is still under development.
脆性骨折的诊断和预测的进展取决于对骨质量组成成分对机械性能的理解的提高。拉曼光谱已被用于评估与衰老、疾病或损伤相关的骨成分变化。
问题/目的：在这项调查中，我们将（1）回顾基于拉曼的骨质量组成测量的使用，包括矿物质与基质的比例、碳酸盐与磷酸盐的比例、胶原质量和结晶度；（2）回顾与生物力学和其他生理化学测量以及与骨健康相关的拉曼光谱的文献；（3）讨论离体和在体人体测量的前景。
在同行评议期刊的 ISI Web of Science 上搜索关于骨拉曼光谱的参考文献。本综述排除了来自其他主题的论文，包括药物主题、牙组织、组织工程、干细胞和植入物整合的论文。
已经报道了人类和动物骨的拉曼光谱作为年龄、生物力学状态、病理学和其他质量参数的函数。目前的文献支持使用矿物质与基质的比例、碳酸盐与磷酸盐的比例和矿物质结晶度作为骨质量的衡量标准。报告之间的差异源于使用带强度比而不是真正的组成比，主要是由于胶原带选择的不同。
拉曼光谱显示出在离体标本中评估骨质量组成成分的潜力，尽管仍需要进一步验证。非侵入性在体评估的方法仍在开发中。
