Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 OHS, UK.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2010 Dec 9;7:87. doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-87.
Most of the human population in the western world has access to unlimited calories and leads an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. The propensity to undertake voluntary exercise or indulge in spontaneous physical exercise, which might be termed "exercise salience", is drawing increased scientific attention. Despite its genetic aspects, this complex behaviour is clearly modulated by the environment and influenced by physiological states. Inflammation is often overlooked as one of these conditions even though it is known to induce a state of reduced mobility. Chronic subclinical inflammation is associated with the metabolic syndrome; a largely lifestyle-induced disease which can lead to decreased exercise salience. The result is a vicious cycle that increases oxidative stress and reduces metabolic flexibility and perpetuates the disease state. In contrast, hormetic stimuli can induce an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby enhancing exercise salience, leading to greater biological fitness and improved functional longevity. One general consequence of hormesis is upregulation of mitochondrial function and resistance to oxidative stress. Examples of hormetic factors include calorie restriction, extreme environmental temperatures, physical activity and polyphenols. The hormetic modulation of inflammation, and thus, exercise salience, may help to explain the highly heterogeneous expression of voluntary exercise behaviour and therefore body composition phenotypes of humans living in similar obesogenic environments.
世界上大多数西方国家的人口都可以摄入无限量的卡路里，并且生活方式越来越久坐不动。人们倾向于进行自愿运动或沉迷于自发的体育锻炼，这种倾向可以被称为“运动凸显”，这引起了科学界越来越多的关注。尽管这种复杂的行为具有遗传方面，但它显然受到环境的调节，并受到生理状态的影响。尽管炎症已知会导致活动能力降低，但它常常被忽视为其中一种情况。慢性亚临床炎症与代谢综合征有关；代谢综合征是一种主要由生活方式引起的疾病，可导致运动凸显度降低。其结果是一个恶性循环，增加了氧化应激并降低了代谢灵活性，使疾病状态持续存在。相比之下，应激刺激可以诱导抗炎表型，从而增强运动凸显度，从而提高生物适应性和改善功能寿命。应激的一个普遍后果是上调线粒体功能和对氧化应激的抵抗力。应激因子的例子包括热量限制、极端环境温度、体力活动和多酚。炎症的应激调节，因此，运动凸显度，可以帮助解释在类似肥胖环境中生活的人类中自愿运动行为以及因此身体组成表型的高度异质性表达。
